76 MADRAS FISHERIES BULLETIN VOL. XII, 



THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 



Before turning our attention to the smaller sea-craft of the 

 Celebes, it is desirable to see what types are in use in the Philip- 

 pine islands and their dependency, the Sulu Archipelago. I have 

 not had an opportunity to visit this locality, but fortunately, thanks 

 to the courtesy of Mr. Alvin Seale, formerly Director of the 

 Fisheries section of the Bureau of Science there, and of Colonel 

 O- C. Waloe, commanding the constabulary in Mindanao, I have 

 at my disposal a fine series of photographs and valuable notes 

 upon points of detail. The Bureau of Science, Manilla, has also 

 kindly supplied a valuable set of fine photographs. 



With few exceptions Philippine outriggers belong to the direct 

 attachment group, and with merely occasional exception of 

 no significance they are all of the double type. They separate 

 readily into two main sections, which I shall term respectively the 

 Philippine and Sulu sub-types. The latter centre in the Sulu 

 Islands, their range extending approximately as far north as Sind- 

 angan Bay on the Zamboanga Peninsula of Mindanao, eastwards 

 as far as Sarangani Island, and on the south including the whole 

 of the islands in the Sulu and Tawi-Tawi groups. The Philippine 

 sub-type covers the whole of the remainder of the Archipelago to 

 the northward. 



The true Philippine outriggers are of an extremely simple design 

 marked off sharply from the highly complex and ornate pattern 

 favoured in Sulu. They vary greatly in size, from small dugouts 

 used for inshore fishing (PI. IV, fig. VII) to large built-up boats 

 employed for interisland navigation. The latter are rigged with 

 one or even two large principal sails and usually carry a jib (PI. 

 V, fig. VIII). The general design of hull is the same throughout, 

 having as a base a hollowed-out log or dugout ; in the larger, plank 

 sides are raised upon the edges. The outrigger booms, made of 

 tough wood, are normally two in number; their outer ends on either 

 side are secured by neatly made rattan lashings to the upper 

 surfaces of from one to five bamboo poles, forming the float. Those 

 intended for sailing have the sides built up by securing to the 

 upper edge of the hull, panels of stout matting, woven from strips 

 of split bamboo, supported by stanchions at intervals, the whole 

 made watertight by a preparation of resin. The booms do not 

 pass through the body of the boat but lie upon the upper edges, 

 secured thereto by rattan lashings ; they pass consequently through 

 the bamboo weather-matting and so seem to project from out the 



