No. 2 (1920) OUTRIGGER CANOES OF INDONESIA 67 



these are on or off the west coast of Halmaheira. Round the north 

 end of the island, we find that at Wajabula in Morotai Island, 

 the proportion is reversed. Here the majority are of the East 

 Indonesian type, only one-third the total having the U-form of 

 secondaries. In the former, two brace-poles are used to stiffen the 

 outrigger frame in the way already described. The outer one is 

 the longer and is tied to the float in the manner shown in figure 30. 

 The float in the smaller canoes consists of one, or more commonly 



Fig. 30. — Method of stiffening the outrigger frame by braces in use at 

 Wajabula, Morotai Island. 



of two slender bamboos ; sometimes a pole is used ; in such cases 

 the forward end curves up slightly and is carved on the underside 

 in the same fashion as is seen occasionally (rarely) at Batjan and 

 the Obi Islands (Fig. 31). South of Morotai Island, the U-design 

 disappears on the east coast of Halmaheira; none was seen at 

 Galela, Tobelo, Kao. Buli, Patani and Weda, where the East- 

 Indonesian type of outrigger canoes is employed exclusively. The 

 U-type pertains to the western side of Halmaheira and to the 

 islands to the south, lying between that island and Amboina. 



THE OBI ISLANDS. 



Here the Bum type of U-shaped secondary is adopted almost 

 entirely for small dugout canoes working inshore- Sometimes the 

 float is double, made from two leaf-stalks of the sago palm tied 

 together. A single small canoe was seen having the elbow-shaped 

 secondary with the outer or long limb nearly vertical, so that the 

 float was immediately under the angle of the elbow. 



Larger craft with flared wash-strakes upon a flared dugout 

 basis, had secondaries of the usual oblique Eastern Indonesian 

 4 



