5o6 WHERRY AND YANOVSKY: MORPHINE DERIVATIVES 



MORPHINE MONOHYDRATE, C17H19NO3.H2O 



Anhydrous morphine has apparently never been prepared in 

 well-cry stalHzed condition, but the monohydrate, which sep- 

 arates from all the usual solvents of this alkaloid, has been the 

 subject of several crystallographic investigations. Brooke^ de- 

 scribed crystals showing a pinacoid, prism, and dome, his angle 

 measurements, when transformed, yielding 4> prism — 63° 40' 

 and p dome = 42° 20'. Schabus^ measured crystals with a 

 pinacoid, a prism with = 63° 27' and a dome over the pina- 

 coid with p = 24° 54'; he made the pinacoid and dome side- or 



TABLE I. Angle Table for Morphine Monohydrate 

 Rhombic (Bisphenoidal); a:b:c = 0.499: i :o.927<^ 



Number Symbols Observed Calculated 



letter G'd't Mill. Description <p p <p p 



1 c o 001 Listed by Rammelsberg o°c 



I Dominant form; cleavage 1 o / o / o / o 



2 b 0°^ 010 < ,. . f o 00 90 00 o 00 90 00 



'(^ direction J 



3 m 00 1 10 The only prism form 63°3o' 90°oo' 63 "29' 90°oo 



, , f Observed and taken as 1 0/0 



4 ^ °V. 012 j the unit by Schabus / ° °° '' '' 



j The best developed ter- 1 o / / o , o 



5 r 01 oil < . . > o 00 42°5o' o°oo' 42^50 

 "^ [ mination J 



6 p I III Reported by Decharme 63 "29' 64°i7 



°- The axial ratio given is the average of those obtained by the various investi- 

 gators of this substance. It is stated to but three decimal places because of the 

 wide variations which appear to exist. The angles of the crystals here measured 

 showed a maximum variation of ±20', and the probable error of the observed value 

 is about 5'. 



brachy-forms. Lang^ estabhshed the optical orientation on crys- 

 tals with what appear to have been the same forms, but he took' 

 the pinacoid and dome as front or macro-forms. Decharme,^ 

 without measuring any angles, observed a development of bi- 

 sphenoidal faces on crystals of two different habits. 



2 Ann. Phil. (N. S. 6) 22: 118. 1823; discussed by Schabvs, Best. Krysf.-gest. 

 chetn. Lab. erz. Prod., Vienna, 1855, p. 74, and by Rammelsberg, Handb. Kryst.- 

 phys. Chem. II, 358. 1882. 



3 Loc. cit.; abstract in Jahresb. 1854: 510, and in Rammelsberg, loc. cit. 



* Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Vienna 31: 115. 1858. 



* Ann. Chim. phys. (Ser. 3) 68: 160. 1863. 



