michelson: fox Indians 595 



ethnology 

 Armstrong, Perry A. The Sauks and the Black Hawk War. 1887. 



Quite a bit of Sauk ethnology may be gleaned from this. Marred by the statement (13) 

 that with the "Sauks, like all other Indian nations, the gens ran in the female line" — which 

 is an absurdity, and is not only opposed to the information given by the Sauk Indians of to- 

 day, but is in direct contradiction to the testimony of Morgan (1877) and Forsyth (1827; 

 see Blair, infra). Evidently the author was under the influence of Morgan's general theories 

 as was McGee {Atner. Anthrop. 1898: 89). 



Atwater, Caleb. The Indians of the northwest. 1850. 



See especially pp. 72, 76, 81, 87, 93, 104, 105, 106, 107, 115, 123, 129, 130, 132, 175. The 

 time referred to is 1829. 



Beltrami, Giucomo C. A pilgrimage, etc. 1828. 



vSee his letter dated May 24, 1823, in vol. 2. 



Blair, Emma Helen. The hidian tribes of the Upper Missisipi Valley and the 

 Great Lakes Region. 191 2. 



Vol. 2 contains Major Marston's letter to Jediah Morse, dated November, 1820; originally 

 printed in the latter's report to the Secretary of War, dated 1821, printed 1822; and Thomas 

 Forsyth's "Account of the Manners and Customs of the Sauk and Fox nations of Indian 

 Traditions," a report to General Clark dated St. Louis, January 15, 1827. These two are 

 the best accounts of Fox ethnology. Forsyth's "Account" is printed here for the first time. 



Busby, AlliE B. Two summers among the Musquakies. 1886. 



Besides containing extract from Galland (see infra), also gives lists of gentes, dances, mar- 

 riage ceremonies, description of some ceremonials, burial customs; clothing, etc. These are 

 the observations of a former school-teacher, and are interspersed with more or less interesting 

 gossip. The ethnological observations for the most part can be substantiated; on some 

 matters {e. g., the "Mule Dance") the author is hopelessly in the dark as to the real im- 

 port. 



Carver, Jonathan. Three years travel, etc. 1796. 



Though published in 1796, refers to thirty years previously, in round numbers. See 30, 31, 

 145, 170, 219, 230. 

 Catlin, George. Illustrations of the manners, customs, and condition of the North 

 American Indians. 1841. 



See vol. 2: 207-217. There are other editions. Important. Good for certain dances, 

 clothing, and ethnological facts. 



Fulton, A. R. The Red Men of Iowa. 1882. 



See Chapters VIII and XXIII especially. Contains an extract from Galland, historical and 

 ethnological notes. Needless to say, the translation of Mus-qua-kie "the man with the yel- 

 low badge or emblem" and of Sau-kie "the man with the red badge or emblem" should be 

 reversed, and even then the renditions are not accurate; Mus-qua-kie means "Red-Earths;" 

 and Sau-kie is often taken (though mistakenly) to mean "Yellow-Earth." [The last really 

 means "They who came forth." Once given "Red-Earths," "Yellow-Earths" would be 

 a popular etymology, though not correct — witness medial -g-, not -'k-, in the native des- 

 ignation.] 



Galland, Isaac. Chronicles of the Northamerican savages. 1835. 



Contains an account of the gentes, but it is not certain whether the list is for the Sauks or 

 Foxes. The dual division is based on some misunderstanding. Complete copies are appar- 

 ently not now to be had. Portions reprinted in Annals of Iowa, 1869: 194 et seq.; see espe- 

 cially 347-366; also in the popular books of Busby and Fulton. 



Harrington, M. R. Sacred bundles of the Sac and Fox Indians. 



University Museum Anthrop. Publ. 4, no. 2, 1914. See review by Michelson, Am. Anthrop., 

 n. ser., 17: 576-577, by vSkinner, ibidem, 577-579. Gives a sketch of Sac and Fox culture; 

 detailed description of sacred packs; exquisite photogravures. Besides the references to 

 sacred packs given by Michelson, loc. cit., the following are in order: Armstrong: 37; Bel- 

 trami, 2: 159; Keating (see infra), 2: 229; Rep. Comm. Ind. Affairs, 1851:66. As long as 

 Skinner gives a reference to a presumably Ottawa pack, attention may be called to Ann. 

 Prop. Foi, 4:481. The Potawatomi term for sacred pack is the phonetic correspondent 

 to the Ottawa pindikossan of Perrot [Michelson] , as is evidently the Ojibwa pindjigossan 

 (taken from Baraga); Cree kaskipit^gan (from Lacombe) stands by itself; Sauk, Kickapoo, 

 Shawnee all have phonetic equivalents to Fox mi'cam™i" (Michelson, information). 



Hodge, Frederick Webb. Handbook of American Indians. 1907, 1910. Bur. 

 Amer. Ethnol. Bull. 30. 



See articles Fox, Sauk. Full bibliographies at end. 



Jones, William. The Algonkin Manitou. Journ. Amer. Folk-Lore 18: 183-190. 

 1905. 



Best exposition of the fundamentals of Fox religion. 



Jones, William. Fox texts. 1907. 



Contains incidental ethnological notes. 



Jones, William. Mortuary observances and the adoption rites of the Algonquin 



Foxes of Iowa. Congres International des Americanists, XV': 263-277. 1907. 

 Jones, William. Notes on the Fox Indians. Journ. Amer. Folk-Lore 24: 209, 



et seq. 191 1. 



Various ethnological notes interspersed with folk tales. Rules governing membership in 



tribal dual division wrongly given. 



