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Mangalore and resulted partly from the work of the 

 jnanodaya Samaj, as suggested by Government when 

 sanctioning a grant-in-aid to the building of a meeting- 

 hall for the society, but the co-operative society is a 

 separate entity from the Samaj and includes outsiders. 

 On the East Coast the Assistant Director laid the 

 foundations, as he hoped, at Uppada for a society, but 

 the Assistant Registrar has subsequently stated that the 

 people, especially the younger men, entirely refused to 

 take up the idea. I suppose that there is no class in the 

 world who would be more benefited by co-operation in 

 its various forms, productive and distributive, than the 

 Indian fisherfolk, and no class which presents greater 

 difficulties to the reformer. It is not merely a question 

 of education but of habits and customs resulting from 

 heredity and environment and the conditions of their 

 life and livelihood. Hence we are going to take this up 

 far more intensely than before. 



{d) The fate of the Temperance Society at Malpe 

 mentioned last year, is a case in point ; of purely local 

 origin, it had a membership, mostly of very young men, 

 of 70 with a fund of Rs. 700, which led to suggestions 

 for its development as a co-operative society. But owing 

 to the youth of members it became necessary under the 

 Act for their natural guardians to become members, and 

 these, seduced by the existence of the deposited funds, 

 compelled their sons to withdraw from the temperance 

 society, taking their money with them. Hence the 

 society has been (temporarily) wrecked, but it is hoped 

 to restart it. In a previous year I reported that the 

 parents of members of a temperance society were its 

 chief opponents, owing to the existence of ancestral drink- 

 ing habits ; the present case displays another rock of 

 stumbling. Pe7^ contra, it is pleasing to note that the 

 young Tellicherry Co-operative Society, which now has 

 about Rs. 1,500 in hand, was able to assist some of its 

 poor members by small loans to tide over the monsoon 

 season when, owing to the previous bad fishing season, 

 they had no funds ; most of these loans were repaid as 

 soon as the new fishing season began. This incident is 

 an excellent object lesson in one of the direct benefits 

 of co-operation. A co-operative fish-curing society is 

 in process of formation at Thalayi near Tellicherry, and 

 12-A 



