^34 



necessitated considerable private charity. The temper- 

 ance society at Malpe, mentioned in previous reports, is 

 developing into a co-operative society by the terms of its 

 formation ; during the two years of its active Hfe its 

 70 members, chiefly young men, have, as per their rules, 

 accumulated a fund of Rs. 700 which represent their 

 savings by abstention from drink, in itself a very notable 

 fact. This fund is to be utilised in loans to the members ; 

 hence the development towards co-operation while main- 

 taining the original object. 



23. The Tanur evening school continued to work at 

 elementary education and appropriate industrial opera- 

 tions ; additions are to be made shortly to its attractive- 

 ness, and in South Kanara some of the fisherfolk are 

 anxious to have a similar night school. But the 

 Assistant Director reports that in places, especially on 

 the East Coast where the fishing hamlets are overgrown 

 with prickly-pear and consequently very insanitary, the 

 folk would rather have the hamlet swept and garnished 

 and sanitated than provided with a school, and it is 

 undeniable that filthy surroundings and bad water have 

 much to do with intemperance and disease. A combina- 

 tion of Government loans for the purchase of boats and 

 nets, of co-operative societies for the general uplift of 

 the people in the wonderful co-operative way, and of 

 schools for instruction in general knowledge, in accounts, 

 in special nature- knowledge, and in the industries by 

 which they live, will be the potent instruments which 

 this department will now have to use, under new auspices, 

 for the development not so much of fisheries as of the 

 fisherfolk. 



24. Soap ivorks. — This, as before, was under Mr. 

 A. K. Menon, b.a., an officer trained in England both in 

 the work of an oil chemist and in that of practical soap 

 manufacture. This series of operations is dealt with 

 under " Fisheries" though distinct therefrom (1) because 

 it originally (191 3) sprang from Fisheries, (2) because 

 the soapery has, for reasons of convenience, been 

 hitherto placed by Government under the Director of 

 Fisheries. There are two sides to the soapery which it 

 is well to define carefully, since the public is apt to sup- 

 pose that the ordinary soaps, now about to be put on the 

 market, are made from or with fish oil which, of course, 



