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manure. While it is impossible for a large factory to 

 deal with the stuff which is scattered in small quantities 

 along the coast, it is easy for individuals at each locality 

 to collect it and to utilize it by simple methods now under 

 demonstration. To bury a ton or two of tainted sardines 

 in the porous sand of the beach and dig up what remains 

 some months later, is an error in management ; to throw 

 the offal into the sea or leave it on the beach, to bury the 

 skeletons of sharks and skates in the sand and never to 

 dig them up at all, is pure waste. !n Japan every ounce 

 of offal, residues, bones, etc., is gathered and added to 

 the compost heap, and this valuable stuff is equally 

 needed here. In America it was recently calculated that 

 the refuse, exclusive of the bones otherwise thrown away, 

 amounts to 1 12,500 tons annually at an average of 25 per 

 cent, on the catches ; if this be taken even to include 

 bones, it means that on this Madras West Coast not less 

 than 15,000 tons are annually wasted, irrespective of 

 tainted fish which are common in this climate. This 

 method of utilizing waste is being specially dealt with at 

 the Cannanore Experimental Station, 



Better Organization. — It is obvious that in developing 

 the fishing industry for the benefit of the consumer, an 

 essential consideration is the producer ; not merely does 

 the development ultimately rest with him but his welfare 

 IS,, pro tanto, as important as that of the consumer. For 

 it is no new industry to be introduced ab extra, but the 

 development of an ancient and indigenous one, employ- 

 ing a vast number of people who have immemorial 

 interests and customs, who form no negligible portion of 

 the population, and who ought to develop pari passzt 

 with the industry, in status, in intelligence, in independ- 

 ence, and in wealth. The matter is one of extreme 

 difficulty, for while more or less loosely bound in ties 

 of caste or religion — for Hindus, Christians, and Maho- 

 medans are all found in very large numbers — they are 

 far less united in corporate life than the inhabitants of an 

 inland village, with their village administration, defined 

 boundaries, rights and privileges, their corporate sentiment 

 and communal and agricultural ties ; while, taking them, 

 en masse, especially on the East Coast, they are far more 

 ignorant and poor and in many cases, less diligent and 

 thrifty, than the cultivator of the soil. Hence if it be 

 difficult to introduce new methods in the villages, it is 



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