EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 



PLATE I (FRONTISPIECE). 



A handsome sinistral chank (X'alnminiri sankhii) in the Satya Bhaniaji tem]ile, 

 Bet, Kathiawar. 



PLATE II. 



FiGURK I. — A typical Indian chank — life appearance — central type. 



Fioi;re 2. — Elongate form from the Andaman Islands, from a specimen in the 

 Indian IMusemn, Calcutta. On either side of the adult is an immature shell 

 showing the protoconch persisting at the apex. 



PLATE III. 



Fragments of ancient chank bangles found at an old village site at Ambavalli, 

 Amreli Prant, Kathiawar. (Now in the Foote Collection, Madras Central 

 Museum.) 



PLATE IV. 



Fragments of ancient chank bangles found at various sites in Gujarat, Kathiawar 

 and Bellary (Foote Collection, Madras Museum). No. 1516 is from Sandur- 

 vallam, Bellary ; 3066 from Kamrej, near Surat ; 3310 from Mahuri, \'ijapur 

 Taluk, Baroda ; 3615 from Babapur; 3623 from Sonnaria, and 3493 from 

 Yalabipur — the last three being in Kathiawar. 



PLATE V. 



Ancient shell ornaments, etc., in the Foote Collection, Madras Museum ; No. 3622 

 is a working circle of chank shell from Ambavalli, Kathiawar ; No. 3428, a 

 bangle fragment from Damnagar Taluk, Kathiawar; No. 3310-8, fragment of 

 narrow chiiri chank bangle, Wadnagar, Baroda ; No. 3310-5, carved nose 

 ornament of chank shell, Mahuri, Baroda; No. 234, Mango scraper made 

 from Unio (fresh- water mussel), from Narsipur Sangam, M3'sore. The re- 

 mainder are beads made from Cyprtea, Trochus, Natica, Nerita and Paludina 

 shells. 



PLATE VI. 



Figure I. — Chank shell waste from ancient bangle-factory sites at Korkai, Kayal 

 and Tuticorin (two upper rows) compared with modern waste pieces from 

 Dacca (bottom row, where a working section is also shown). 



Figure 2. — Sectioning chank shells in a Dacca workshop. 



PLATE Vn. 



Figure i. — Sharpening a chank saw, Dacca. 



Figure 2. — Breaking away the remains of the septum from a sawn chank circle 

 (working section). 



PLATE VIII. 



Figure i. — Rubbing down the inner surface of a working section, Dinajpur, 

 Bengal. 



Figure 2. — Forming a simple ridge pattern by rubbing down the sections on a 

 stone, Rangpur, Bengal. 



