836 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Vol. XV III. 



He is much indebted to such works as the Flora of British India, 

 the Flora of the Upper Gangetic Plain, the Flora Simlensis, and the 

 Forest Flora of the School Circle, United Provinces, for the descrip- 

 tions of plants with many of which he is unacquainted. 



This is a suitable opportunity for thanking friends for the assistance 

 which they have given to one, who has but a superficial knowledge 

 of the science of botany. 



INTRODUCTION. 



The method of classification that has been adopted in this work 

 is the division of all flowering plants except grasses into erect plants, 

 consisting of trees, shrubs and herbs ; climbers, which are sub-divided 

 into twining plants, that is, plants which grow in height by twining 

 round supports or sprawling over them ; tendril bearing plants, such 

 as climb and cling to supports with the help of tendrils ; leaf climbing 

 plants which have sensitive leaves, which twine round supports ; 

 hook climbing plants, which climb over supports and have hooks 

 or thorns to aid them ; root climbers, such as climb by the aid of 

 adventitious roots on the stem ; prostrate plants, that lie on the 

 ground ; parasites, plants that draw the whole or part of their nourish- 

 ment from other plants, these are sub-divided into total parasites 

 and partial parasites : water plants, plants which grow in water and 

 are descended from land plants as they possess flowers which require 

 wind or insects for their fertilization ; leafless plants, which include 

 many parasites. 



Where it has proved necessary the above classes have been sub- 

 divided again into those plants with opposite and those with alter- 

 nate leaves, these again have been separated into those with stipules 

 (stipulate) and those without stipules (exstipulate) and these still 

 further sub-divided into those with simple, those with lobed, and 

 those with compound leaves. 



Even these divisions are not sufficient to differentiate every single 

 plant, it has therefore proved a necessity to supply a short descrip- 

 tion. The descriptions are arranged according to the sequence of 

 the natural orders in Bentham and Hooker's Genera Plantarum. 



Under the botanical name of each plant are the English and Urdu 

 names, if anv are known, then follows a reference to the page and 



