8 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 



a new one, Antipathes triquetra, from Manila. Unfortunately this species is based on 

 specimens which were too imperfect to give specific characters, though they certainly 

 appear to have differed from the species described by Pallas. The species has not been 

 identified by subsequent authors, and is omitted from the work of Milne-Edwards. Its 

 thick triangular stem, with the angles twisted spirally, should make this form easily 

 recognised, even in the absence of particulars of the mode of branching ; I am in the 

 meantime, however, obliged to include it amongst the species dubise. 



In 1816 Lamarck (23) described six species of Antipathes, but appears to have been 

 particularly unfortunate in his identifications. His Antipathes mimosella is probably 

 the same as Antipathes ulex, Ellis and Solander, and the latter name has priority. On his 

 own admission, Lamarck's Antipathes scoparia is synonymous with Esper's Antipathes 

 vifgata, whilst Antipathes pyramidata is not an Antipathes at all, having a smooth and 

 somewhat vitreous axis, and probably comes under Verrill's genus Iridogorgia. A fine 

 specimen in the British Museum collection is labelled Iridogorgia pyramidata. 

 Lamarck gave the name Antipathes radians to Esper's Antipathes fceniculacea, which he 

 showed to be different from the true Antipathes fceniculacea, Pallas ; the species as 

 already stated does not belong to this order. Antipathes corticata, Lamarck, is a distinct 

 form figured by Haeckel in his Arabische Korallen, but neither author gives us a 

 detailed description. The remaining species, viz., Antipathes lacerata and Antipathes 

 pectinata, may be distinct also, but Lamarck's descriptions are very unsatisfactory, and 

 neither form has been identified by subsequent investigators, so that for the present both 

 must be included amongst the species dubise, the definitions being insufficient for 

 identification. 



Lamouroux (24) next added two species to the list, both of which have been accepted 

 by subsequent investigators. It appears probable, however, that his Antipathes 

 pinnatifida, which has since been observed by Studer amongst the Corals of the 

 " Gazelle " Expedition, may prove to be a variety of Antipathes ulex, Ellis and Solander. 

 There appears to be very great variation amongst specimens of the Antipathes myrio- 

 phylla and Antipathes ulex type, and at present it seems difficult to distinguish between 

 those points which are of specific value, and others which only represent individual varia- 

 tions. Owing to the limited number of specimens which I have been able to compare, it has 

 been impossible to decide with certainty, but seeing that no two specimens of this type 

 appear alike, I have preferred temporarily to consider all varieties of one form, for 

 which it seems necessary to retain the name Antipathes ulex, Ellis and Solander. 

 In the description of Antipathes boscii, Lamouroux makes no reference to the occurrence 

 of spines, a fact which may perhaps have led Gray to include this species in his genus 

 Leiopathes. Verrill has more recently described a specimen, which he considers referable 

 to this species ; it was obtained by Agassiz off South Carolina, the original habitat. 

 In this specimen the spines are apparently well marked on all parts of the sclerobasic 



