REPORT ON THE ANTIPATHARIA. 29 



Haeckel, in his Arabische KoraHen (59), gives a figure of a living colony of 

 Antipathes corticata, Lamarck, but unfortunately only gives a few words in explanation 

 of the plate. He also refers to Gerardia lamarclri, and copies Lacaze Duthiers' 

 figures. No new species are described. 



Klunzinger (60) in 1877 recorded the occurrence of Cirrhipathes anguina, Dana, 

 in the Red Sea, and also called attention to another species, Antipathes isidis- 

 plocamos, first observed in the Red Sea by Ehrenberg. Fragments of the stem are 

 figured, and Klunzinger discusses the probable identity of a specimen, figured as 

 Antipathes compressa by Esper, with this species. The specimen is, however, too 

 imperfect to admit of proper identification, and may be the base of any of the larger 

 species already described. It may nevertheless prove to be a distinct species, but in 

 the absence of more detailed information it must temporarily be included amongst the 

 species duhise. 



Studer (65) in 1878 gave notes of two species of Antipathidse collected during the 

 " Gazelle" Expedition, viz., Antipathes fcenicidum, Lamarck (I Antipathes jbeniculacea, 

 Pallas), off West Australia and Mermaid Straits, in 45 to 50 fathoms, and Antipathes 

 pinnatifida, Lamouroux, Mermaid Straits, in 50 fathoms. He also mentions the 

 occurrence of broken portions of a large stem, from 900 fathoms, too fragmentary for 

 identification. 



G. v. Koch (62), in a paper on the Phylogeny of the Antipatharia, first gives an account 

 of the structure of Antipathes larix, and calls attention to the fact that the pinnules arise 

 at right angles to the stem and are disposed in six longitudinal rows. The polyps are 

 placed in a single row on the superior surface of each pinnule, and are elongated in the 

 direction of the pinnules. The mouth is situated on a conical or cylindrical projection 

 from the peristome, and its aperture is usually oval, with the longer axis directed trans- 

 versely. He describes ten mesenteries in the oesophagus which are unequally developed, 

 only two being complete. These correspond with the long axis of the polyp, and divide 

 it into two symmetrical halves. Four others, not so fully developed, are placed two on 

 each side, so that each chamber corresponds with a tentacle. Four others still more 

 rudimentary " kauni in den Magenraum hereinragende Scheidewande sind so angeordnet, 

 dass sie der Langsachse zunachst stehen." All the mesenteries consist of a thin hyaline 

 layer of connective tissue, which is clothed on both sides by entoderm. In the base of the 

 polyp there is a longitudinal septum having a dilation at its free extremity, in the cavity 

 of which the sclerobasic axis is contained. This is surrounded by an epithelium from 

 which it is derived, and which is probably a portion of the ectoderm. 



Koch next describes what he regards as a new genus (Gephyra) of Zoantharia, which 

 appears to link closely the Antipatharia with the Actiniaria. The polyps of this species, 

 named Gephyra dohrnii, have eighty or more tentacles which can be retracted, as 

 in many Actiniae and in Gerardia. They are found singly or in colonies, parasitic on 



