REPORT ON THE ALCYONARIA. 29 



Eugorgia by seven, Leptogorgia by twenty, and Callipodium by two species. Eugorgia 

 and Heterogorgia are found in this region only. 



Off the Peruvian coast a single species of the Indo-Pacific genus Echinogorgia 

 occurs. 



While upon the eastern borders of the Pacific, there is thus a fauna much the same in 

 its character along the whole extent of the coast line of America, the fauna of the 

 opposite shores of the Pacific is partly temperate, partly tropical in character. 

 Far down along the eastern shores of Asia, Arctic species are to be met with ; the fauna 

 of Japan is of a mixed nature. Most of the species found towards the north belong to 

 the genera : — Spongodes (mostly small forms), Nephthya, Mopsella, Acabaria, Para- 

 rnuricea, Euplexaura, Ellisella. 



In the tropical regions of the Pacific there is an unusually rich fauna, which 

 extends with a very uniform character to the tropical regions of the Indian Ocean. 

 Particularly where the coast is sandy or gravelly, at depths of 10 to 60 fathoms, 

 Alcyonaria abound, associated with Sponges, forming vast forests, where every fresh 

 search brings new forms to light. Here in the greatest abundance are : — Nephthyidse 

 (among which the subfamily Siphonogorginge is confined to this region) ; Scleraxonia, 

 particularly the Melitodidse ; among the Holaxonia certain genera of Muriceidse, 

 Plexauridas, and more especially the Gorgonellidse. 



The following genera are well represented in this zone of the Indo-Pacific region : — 

 Telesto (Carijoa), Cozlogorgia, Tubipora, Xenia, Lobularia, Sarcophytum, Lobo- 

 phytum, Ammothea, Nephthya, Spongodes, Paranephthya, Siphonogorgia, Solenocaulon, 

 Iciligorgia, Suberogorgia, Melitodes, Mopsella, Acabaria, Psilacabaria, Wrightella, 

 Clathraria, Parisis, Pleurocor allium, Mopsea, Isis, Villogorgia, Anthogorgia, Menella, 

 Echinomuricea, Echinogorgia (a great many species), Astrogorgia, Muricella (many 

 species), Plexauroides, Plexaurella, Platycaulos, Leptogorgia (many species), Gorgonia 

 (but few species), Nicella, Juncella, Ellisella, Verrucella, Gorgonella, Ctenocella,Phenilia. 



In the south temperate region of the Pacific there is relatively a paucity of species, 

 there being only a few forms at present known from the shallower depths about the coast 

 of Tasmania, from Bass Strait and Antarctic Islands ; such are : — Alcyonium, Suberia, 

 Mopsella, Primnoisis (from Kerguelen), Primnoella, and Thouarella. 



In the whole zone from to 100 fathoms, there are found in the deeper parts between 

 60 and 100 fathoms, isolated species belonging typically to deeper water, e.g., certain 

 forms of Dasygorgia, Ceratoisis, Primnoisis, and Primnoidse. Especially in the south 

 temperate regions, as may be inferred from what has been said, Primnoidae and 

 Primnoidinas extend into the shallower water ; thus, in Magellan Strait, Primnoella 

 magellanica is to be met with in depths up to 42 fathoms ; off the coast of South 

 Australia, Primnoella australasise extends to 30 fathoms ; Thouarella antarctica, in the 

 Falkland Islands, occurs up to 45 fathoms ; near Kerguelen, Primnoisis ambigua is found 



