30 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 



between 10 and 80 fathoms; whilst Dasygorgia geniculata, Dasygorgia axillaris, and 

 Ceratoisis philippinensis, from the Philippines, are found in 82 fathoms. 



The fauna of the second zone, 100 to 400 fathoms, which yielded a total of sixty-four 

 species, is of a more uniform character, at least as regards the genera, than was to be 

 recognised in the previous zone. At the same time it happens that individual stations have 

 a local character of their own, due to species and genera which extend to these deeper zones 

 from those above. Thus, here and there, below 100 fathoms, there are representatives of 

 Alcyonium, certain species of Spongodes, Parisis, Suberogorgia, Anthogorgia, Muricella, 

 Eunicella, Eunicea, Lophogorgia, Leptogorgia, Juncella. But especially prominent are 

 Dasygorgidee, Isidse, and Primnoidas. The following are chiefly represented :■ — Stropho- 

 gorgia, Dasygorgia, Chrysogorgia, Ceratoisis, Acanella, Primnoisis (the last particularly 

 in the Antarctic Ocean), Primnoa, Stenella, Thouarella, Amphilaphis, Plumarella, Cali- 

 gorgia, Primnoides, Paramuricea, Anthomuricea (the two last in the Atlantic), Clematissa 

 (South Atlantic), Acanthogorgia, Muriceides, Stenogorgia, Scirpearella, Scirpearia 

 (Atlantic), Keroeides (Japan), Chironephthya (Japan), Eunephthya, Anthomastus, 

 Bellonella, Sarakka, Clavularia, Sympodium, Scleranthelia, Telesto (s. str.). 



In the Arctic Ocean there are Alcyonidse and Nepthyidse which frequent this 

 zone, as : — Vceringia, Duva, Drifa, Nannodendron, Fulla, Eunephthya, Gersemia, 

 Sarakka, Bellonella, Crystallophames, besides Organidus, Clavularia, Sympodium, 

 Paragorgia, Anthomastus, and Primnoa. 



In the third zone, at depths of 400 to 1000 fathoms, except for a few delicate 

 forms of Cornularidas and Alcyojiidse, the Dasygorgidaa and Prirunoidse reign almost 

 alone. Near to Ascension was obtained a distinct Gorgonid, which is the only 

 deep-sea representative of this family at present known. The genera that have been 

 observed are : — Stjmpodium, Bellonella, Anthomastus, Vceringia, Duva, Barathrobius, 

 Sarakka, Strophogorgia, Dasygorgia (here the chief representatives of the group), 

 Chrysogorgia, Iridogorgia, Ceratoisis, Acanella, Primnoisis, Calyptrophora, Stachyodes, 

 Stenella, Thouarella, Primnoella, Acanthogorgia (one species), Callistephanus. 



Only fifteen species were found in the fourth zone, at depths of 1000 to 2000 fathoms. 

 Except for a few Cornularidse and Alcyonidse, which were met with in the previous 

 zone, they are Holaxonia, viz., Dasygorgidse, Primnoidse, and Gorgonellidse, and one 

 Scleraxonid, Pleurocorallium. The colonies are mostly unbranched, the polyps arranged 

 in a single row. They probably form creeping stems, which extend, in a stolon-like 

 fashion, along the Globigerina ooze, and upon which the polyps are arranged so as to 

 receive the food sinking down from above. Most striking, in this connection, is a 

 Primnoid, Callozostron mirabilis, which was found in 1675 fathoms, in latitude 65° S. 

 The stolon-like creeping stem is covered with polyps, except in one plane, upon 

 which probably the stem had lain, while the apertures of the polyps are all directed 

 towards the opposite side. 



