REPORT ON THE ANTIPATHARIA. 135 



The corallum may consist of irregular plumose branches, amongst the smaller twigs of 

 which occasional fusions occur, or (?) of a flattened fan-like reticulum. The spines are 

 short and subtriangular or subcylindrical, never elongate and conical. The type species 

 differs from Aphanipathes in the form and structure of the polyp as well as in the type 

 of spine. Antipathes flabellum, Pallas, and a number of new species which are apparently 

 allied to it, agree with Aphanipathes cancellata, n. sp., in having a fan-like reticulate 

 corallum (which, however, is constructed on .a different plan), but differ altogether in the 

 type of spine. The polyps of these species are not known, but as the spines have a close 

 resemblance to those of Tylopaihes crispa, n. sp., I have provisionally included them 

 under the same genus. It should, however, be noted that the genus Antipathella has a 

 similar form of spine, but the mode in which the reticulum is formed in Antipathes 

 flabellum, Pall., and the allied species, seems more nearly related to that in Tylopaihes 

 crispa, n. sp., than to the flabellate forms at present included in the genus Antipathella. 



Tylopaihes crispa, n. sp. (PL III. figs. 1-4). 



In this species the chief branches, and the smaller ones which they bear, are crisped 

 and arched inwards, forming saucer-like fronds, depressed in the centre, and having 

 the majority of the branchlets and pinnules directed inwards. 



The Challenger specimen consists of a number of fronds which have been detached 

 from the stem or main branches. These may be 14 cm. long and 22 cm. broad. 

 The chief branch of a frond bears a number of smaller branches, irregularly arranged, 

 which are sometimes lateral, but more usually antero- lateral in position. The smaller 

 branches vary from 4 to 1 2 cm. in length. Each bears a number of branchlets of variable 

 length, but usually more elongate and crowded near the apex of a branch. These 

 arise generally from a point somewhat in front of the true lateral margin, and are from 

 2 to 6 '5 cm. in length. These again bear a very large number of simple or branched 

 pinnules, varying from - 3 to 2 cm. in length. The pinnules are arranged irregularly 

 all around the axis of a branchlet, but only those which have a lateral or antero- 

 lateral position become elongate and further subdivided. Near the base of a branchlet 

 all the pinnules are short and simple or subsimple ; those about 5 mm. long may bear one 

 short secondary pinnule ; others, about 7 mm. long, bear three or four secondary pinnules 

 in various planes, but between them there are always a few arising from the anterior, 

 posterior, or lateral surfaces which remain simple. The antero-lateral pinnules arising 

 from the upper half of a branchlet are often longer ; all bear numerous secondary pinnules 

 which extend in various planes, and the longer secondary pinnules usually bear one or 

 two of a tertiary series. One branchlet, 5 '5 cm. in length, bears altogether about seventy 

 pinnules, about thirty of which are more or less branched. The longer primary 

 pinnules bear about twelve secondary pinnules to a centimetre (PL III. fig. 1). 



