REPORT ON THE DEEP-SEA KERATOSA. 47 



and coarsely porous. No distinct dermal membrane is present, whereas in the following 

 species this is easily detached from the softer medulla. 



Interior. — The structure seems to be the same in all parts of the sponge. Its main 

 mass is composed of foreign enclosures, viz., the hydrorhiza of a symbiotic Hydroid, 

 and innumerable siliceous shells of Radiolaria, which are embedded as well in 

 the transparent maltha as in the Keratose lamellae. The latter are expanded in the 

 most irregular manner between the chitinous tubes of the symbiotic Spongoxenia. 

 Between the latter and the former are visible remnants of the canal-system of the sponge, 

 apparently with irregularly-disposed, large, flagellated chambers. The bad state of 

 preservation of the soft tissues, however, did not allow me to form a decided opinion on 

 this difficult subject. (Compare figs. 2-5 and their explanation.) 



Spongin-Skeleton.—TYie true horny skeleton secreted by the sponge itself is composed 

 of two different portions, viz., firstly, the saccular spongin-envelopes which surround the 

 single xenophya, and secondly, the branched lamellae which connect the former and are 

 expanded in the meshes between the chitinous tubes of the symbiotic hydrorhiza. 

 The thickness of the yellow spougin-plate in the sacculi, as well as in the lamellae, 

 is very variable, and often much stronger in the nodal points of the network. In 

 those places where the yellow spongin-lamellae (fig. 3, f) are inserted into the outer 

 wall of the similar yellow chitinous tubes of the hydrorhiza (fig. 3, h), there is often an 

 appearance as if both these substances might pass directly one into the other ; closer 

 examination, however, proves that there is a distinct limit between them (fig. 4). 



Xenophya. — The foreign bodies which compose the pseudo-skeleton of Cerelasma 

 fjijrosphsera are almost exclusively Radiolarian shells, in the astonishing variety and 

 richness which characterises the Radiolarian ooze of Station 271. The majority of these 

 siliceous shells are enclosed by a thinner or thicker envelope of yellow spongin-substance, 

 either an isolated sacculus, or an inflated portion of a lamella (fig. 5,/) ; but there are 

 other xenophj'a (probably taken up recently) which lie immediately in the clear maltha, 

 without a spongin-envelope. 



Symbiontes. — The network of anastomosing cylindrical chitinous tubes, filled by a 

 dark brown cellular mass (figs. 2,3, h), everywhere traverses the body of this sponge so 

 densely, that it occupies perhaps one-third or one-fourth of its volume. In the preliminary 

 examination I was inclined to regard these tubes either as hollow spongin-tubes (similar 

 to those in ApAysina) or as peculiar canals of the sponge, but afterwards I was 

 convinced that they belonged to the hydrorhiza of a symbiotic Hydroid, probably 

 Stylactella. In some places their epithelium was preserved (fig. 4, h). 



Cerelasma lamellosa, n. sp. (PL VI. figs. 6, 7). 



Habitat. — Tropical Pacific, Station 216a; February 16, 1875; lat. 2° 56' N., long. 

 134° 11' E.; depth, 2000 fathoms; bottom, Globigerina ooze. 



