162 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 



[Antipathes] tanacetum, Pourt. 



Antipathes tanacetum, Pourtales, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 1880, p. 116, pi. iii. fig. 13. 



Mode of branching the same as in Antipathes picea, Pourt., from which it differs 

 chiefly by the spines, which are here three times as long as broad. 



Specimens mostly with simple stem, rarely branching a few times, appearing like a 

 leaf of tansy or yarrow. On the lower part of the stem the spines become very slender 

 and branched like miniature deer-horns, forming a velvety covering, which becomes filled 

 with sand, sponge spicules, &c. The polyps were badly preserved, but they are 

 evidently very small. 



Most specimens have a parasitic worm, resembling, and perhaps identical with, the one 

 which produces the tube in Par antipathes columnaris (Duch.) ; here, however, it 

 remains applied to the stem, partly protected by branchlets, but producing no change in 

 their growth. 



Although this species has a type of corallum closely resembling that of [Antipathes] 

 picea, Pourt., it is probable that its elongate subcjdindrical spines may indicate a different 

 type of polyp and also a different generic position. The spines recall the form and 

 arrangement in certain species of the genus Aphanipathes and also the ultimate form of 

 spine in Antipathella subpinnata. Its proper position must be left for future investi- 

 gators to decide. 



Habitat. — At a depth of 88 to 170 fathoms at eight stations, off Santa Cruz, 

 Montserrat, Dominica, Martinique, the Grenadines, and Grenada (Pourtales). 



[Antipathes] arctica, Liitken (PI. XII. fig. 26). 



Antipathes arctica, Liitken, Oversigt Kongl. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Forhandl., 1871, p. 18. 



Liitken's description is as follows : — 



" Sclerobasis (axis) cornea, nigra vel nigro-fusca, spinosa, arborem humilem, latiorem 

 quam altiorem constituit ; stipes erectus, teres, gracilis, niger, basi laevis, ceterum spinulis 

 brevissimis, longitudinaliter seriatis, cum sulculis minutis alternantibus, asper ; rami 

 (primarii) patentissimi, horizontales fere, bifariam dispositi, utrinque 10 vel ultra, 

 gracillimi, asperi, colore dilutiore, ramulos (secundarios, tertiarios) similes emittunt, 

 angulos rectos cum rands (primariis, secundariis) formantes, sursum, deorsum vel 

 antrorsum inclinatos ; rariter coalescunt. Superficies dorsalis vel posterior arboris totius 

 ramulis omnino caret. Altitudo c. 5 pollices, latitudo G^ poll." 



The branches and branchlets arise in pairs, which are subopposite ; all are placed 

 nearly at right angles with the larger branches from which they arise, and in such 

 a manner that the hinder surface of the specimen is without branches, all the secondary 

 and tertiary branches being turned more or less towards the anterior surface. The 

 occasional fusions between the branches have more the character of adhesion than 



