REPORT ON THE ANTIPATHARIA. 169 



and bear one or more pinnules on one side only ; the longer ones are regularly and 

 alternately pinnate, the pinnules being very slender and usually provided with one to three 

 very short secondary pinnules, chiefly on one side. Stem and stronger branches distinctly 

 tapering, other portions of the corallum very slender. Height 5 cm. , diameter in broadest 

 part 4 "5 cm. Diameter of the base of the stem 0"4 mm. Spines somewhat conical, 

 and hooked upwards, arranged more irregularly than in Antipathes ulex, and without a 

 marked spiral arrangement (PI. II. fig. 12). I have not found the arrangement so 

 regular as that shown in Carter's figure. Near the base of the stem the spines 

 become very much elongated, and dendritic towards the tip, a character observed in 

 other species, but not, so far as I remember, in Antipathes ulex, E. and S. 



This species was regarded by Carter as the type of a new genus of Hydractiniidse ; 

 there can, however, be no doubt that it belongs to the Antipathidse, and is very closely 

 related to Antipathes ulex, E. and S. ; it may indeed be a very young form of 

 that species. Mr. Moore, of the Liverpool Free Museum, has very kindly sent me a slide 

 of this species, an examination of which shows the spines to have a different arrangement 

 to those of Antipathes ulex, though in both, as also in Antipathes myriophylla, Pallas, 

 they are distributed in a similar manner. In Carter's form the branches are not confined 

 so much to one plane as is the case in typical Antipathes ulex. 



For the present Carter's form is regarded as distinct, but the whole of the forms 

 included in this section require further examination before reliable specific characters 

 can be obtained. 



Habitat. — Gulf of Manaar (west coast of Ceylon), in 65 fathoms (Captain Cawne 

 Warren). 



\_Antipathes~] japonica, n. sp. (PI. XL fig. 25). 



Corallum small and laxly branched ; branches bi- and tri-pinnate, with the subdivisions 

 directed inwards as in the leaf of the Ta nsy ( Tanacetum). 



The stem has a rounded basal dilation for attachment, and has a diameter of 

 2 - 25 mm. below. Branches few, irregularly arranged, 7 to 9 cm. long, tapering, and 

 bearing close-set alternate rows of rigid branchlets, 1 to 4 '5 cm. long. These arise from 

 a point slightly in front of the lateral margin of the branches, and are somewhat recurved. 

 The smaller ones are simple, but most of them bear a number of alternate pinnules spring- 

 ing from the antero-lateral margins, which may be simple, but usually bear a further series 

 of one to five short secondary pinnules, which again are not truly lateral, but have an 

 anterior or antero-lateral insertion. In the mode of branching this species is intermediate 

 between Antipathes bifaria, in which the two series of branchlets include a narrow acute 

 angle, and Antipathes myriophylla, &c, in which the branchlets are lateral and the whole 

 corallum in a plane, excepting the short setose pinnules, which in all the species of this 

 section are directed more or less anteriorly. Spines moderately numerous, of a length 



(ZOOL. CHAT.L. EXP. PART LXXX. 1889.) Llll 22 



