W. B. CARPENTER ON THE STRUCTURE OF ORBITOLITES. 93 



and from this incident the whole of my subsequent researches 

 upon that group might be dated. 



I found Mr. Jukes' discs to correspond very closely with the 

 fossil discs ; but the best-preserved amongst them had the chamber- 

 lets covered over, the only openings being at the margin. I was 

 then able to obtain from various friends some of the small species 

 — the recent 0. marginalis ; and found that these also had a thin 

 film covering the chambers, with a single row of marginal pores. 

 After this, Mr. Cuming put his collection from the Phillipines at 

 my disposal ; and I also obtained some sand from the Red Sea, 

 which abounded in specimens of 0. marginalis, together with others 

 having two rows of marginal pores, of which Prof. Ehrenberg 

 had made a separate genus, placing both amongst his Bryozoa. 

 He not only figured them (from abraded specimens) as covered 

 with open cells like those of a Flustra, bat put polypes with ciliated 

 arms into these cells. Here, then, we may learn an important 

 lesson — never to figure anything which we have not seen. Prof. 

 Ehrenberg saw with his mind's eye only, and hence his blunder. 

 Unless a person says explicitly, " This is only my conception 

 of what this organism has been," he has no right to make such a 

 drawing. 



Fig. 5. 



Composite sarcodic body of Simple type of Orbitolite : — a, primordial seg- 

 ment ; b, circumambient segment, giving off peduncle, from which arise 

 the successive circles of sub-segments, connected by annular and 

 radial stolons. 



