REPORT ON THE ASTEROIDEA 443 



distinct ; and also that in my opinion the admirable illustrations given by Danielssen and 

 Koren 1 in their memoir on the Asteroidea of the Norwegian North Atlantic Expedition 

 support this view, notwithstanding the fact that the learned authors referred to considered 

 that all the forms belonged to one genus. 



Chorology of the Genus Crossaster. 1 



a. Geographical distribution : — 



Atlantic : Two species between the parallels of 40° N. and 82° N. 



Crossaster affinis, in the North Atlantic between Norway, Spitz- 

 bergen, and Greenland ; also in Bering Strait {fide Brandt). 

 "'Crossaster papposus, in the whole northern area of the Atlantic, 

 extending up Smith Sound to Discovery Bay ; from Assistance Bay, 

 Newfoundland, Grand Manan, Massachusetts, Spitzbergen, Barent's 

 Sea, Iceland, Nova Zembla, the Murman coast, the Scandinavian, 

 British, and French coasts. 



Southern Ocean : One species between the parallels of 35° S. and 50° S. 



'''Crossaster penicillatus, from between Nightingale Island and 

 Marion Island. 



Pacific : One species between the parallels of 5° N. and 5° S. 

 Crossaster neptuni, from Ecuador. 



/S. Bathymetrical range : Shallow water to 640 fathoms. 



Greatest range of one species : Crossaster papposus, shallow water to 640 

 fathoms. 



Cj^ossaster affinis is the only other species which extends into the Abyssal 

 zone, its rans;e being- 70 to 634 fathoms. 



y. Nature of the Sea-bottom : Crossaster papposus is usually found on a hard bottom ; 



also on Clay. Crossaster affinis frequents a Clay bottom, usually coarse and 



sandy, sometimes hard and stony. Crossaster penicillatus lives on Volcanic 



mud. 



The species collected by the Challenger are indicated in the above] list by an 



asterisk. 



Asterias alboverrucosa, Brandt, 2 from Bering Strait, is probably a Crossaster, but as 



it appears to have been described from a drawing only, and as no subsequent author has 



referred to the type, I have not therefore felt justified in including it in the notice of 



the genus. 



\Den Norske Nordbavs-Expedition, 1876-1878, Zoologi, xL Asteroidea, 1884, tab. ix. 



2 Act. Acad. St. Petersb. 1834, p. 271 ; Prodr. descr. auim. ab Mcrtensio obs., fasc. i. p. 71. 



