RETORT ON THE ASTEROIDEA. 493 



Southern Ocean : Nine species between the parallels of 40° and 60° S. 



* Hymenaster graniferus, *Hymenaster coccinatus, and "Hymen- 

 aster prsecoquis, in the neighbourhood of Marion and the Crozet 

 Islands. * Hymenaster latebrosus, near the meridian of 110° E. 

 * Hymenaster nobilis, * Hymenaster formosus, * Hymenaster saccu- 

 latus, * Hymenaster cselatus, and '"Hymenaster crucifer, south of 

 Australia. 



Pacific : Eight species between the parallels of 40° N. and 40° S. 



* Hymenaster infernalis, from the Mid-North Pacific, near the 

 meridian of 170° E. '" Hymenaster glaucus, south of Japan. '''Hymen- 

 aster pullatus, north of New Guinea, south-west of the Admiralty 

 Islands. " :: Hymenaster echinulatus and '''Hymenaster geometricus in 

 the Mid-South Pacific near the meridian of 135° W. * Hymenaster 

 carnosus, off the west coast of South America. ' A Hymenaster vica- 

 rius and * Hymenaster porosissimus, off the coast of South America, 

 between Valparaiso and the Island of Juan Fernandez. 



/3. Bathymetrical range : 70 to 2900 fathoms. 



Greatest range of one species : Hymenaster pellucidus, 70 to 1539 fathoms 

 {fide Danielssen and Koren). 



All the species excepting Hymenaster pellucidus are confined to the Abyssal 

 zone. Five species, Hymenaster pergamentaceus, Hymenaster echinulatus, 

 Hymenaster infernalis, Hymenaster geometricus, and Hymenaster giboryi, 

 occur in depths greater than 2000 fathoms. Hymenaster infernalis extends 

 to 2900 fathoms, the greatest depth at which Asterids were dredged by the 

 Challenger. 



a 



y. Nature of the Sea-bottom : The majority of the species are found on Globigerina 

 ooze, viz., Hymenaster nobilis, Hymenaster formosus, Hymenaster sacculatus, 

 Hymenaster carnosus, Hymenaster vicarius, Hymenaster cselatus, Hymenaster 

 crucifer, Hymenaster porosissimus, Hymenaster graniferus, Hymenaster cocci- 

 natus, and Hymenaster priecoquis ; the last is also found on Diatom ooze. 

 Hymenaster latebrosus is found on Diatom ooze. Hymenaster pergamentaceus, 

 Hymenaster pullatus, and Hymenaster membranaceus frequent Blue mud. 

 Hymenaster echinulatus, Hymenaster infernalis, and Hymenaster geometricus 

 live on Red clay. Hymenaster glaucus is found on Green mud. Hymenaster 

 anomalus on Pteropod ooze. Hymenaster pellucidus is found on Biloculina 

 clay, sandy clay, and Blue clay. 



The species dredged by the Challenger are indicated in the above list by an asterisk. 



