i6 



by developing numerous bridges of jelly not only between adjacent branches, but between 

 neighbouring elevations on the surface of a single branch. Although the orifices are sometimes 

 mere holes in a flat surface (^), they are more often sunk in deep recesses (^:) formed by the 

 outgrowth or union of gelatinous lobes. The distinction between primary and secondary lamellae 

 is at first sight not apparent, though a closer examination reveals traces of it. M'Intosh states 

 (p. 5) that "all the spines are hollow", but in this there can be no doubt that he was mistaken. 

 The spines in realit)- have a structure similar to that of C. gracilis, each of them being 

 supported by an axis of denser jelly, which has a deeper orange colour than the more superficial 

 parts. These axes, which appear to be hollow in certain modes of illumination, are shewn by 

 their arrangement to be supporting ribs. One of them, broken at its tip, is seen at a in fig. 21. 

 It forms a support for the film of jelly between itself and the main branch, and it is continuous 

 at its base with the irregularly arranged development of the sanie stiffer jelly which occurs in 

 the main branch. It is characteristic of these supporting pillars that they do not reach the 

 end of the lobe or spine which they support. The axis usually extends through about two-thirds 

 of the spine or lobe, and then ends abruptly in a sharply marked rounded termination. This is 

 not indicated in fig. 21, in which, however, the spine d is supported by an axis which extends 

 nearly to the tip of its shorter branch, while the longer, more delicate branch of the same 

 spine contains no axial support. 



An examination of one of the larger spines (fig. 20) of the colony shews that the axis 

 consists internally of a series of overlapping cones, which correspond with the primary lamellae 

 of C. levinseni, but are more pointed than in that species, The darker axis is, however, 

 completed by a series of thin secondary lamellae ; while the rest of the lobe is, for the most 

 part, constituted by very numerous secondary lamellae whose paler colour distinguishes them 

 sharply from the central axis. Those terminal parts of the lamellae or spines which are not 

 supported by an axis are composed entirely of pale secondary lamellae. 



Many of the long spines are closely related to an orifice. Thus the spines d and c 

 of fig. 2 1 are peristomial filaments of the orifice which is seen to their left. As was the case 

 in C. gracilis^ many of the spines which do not at first sight appear to belong to an orifice 

 may have been so related at an earlier period of growth, and may have lost that conne.xion 

 by the subsequent deposit of secondary lamellae. 



The process shewn in fig. 20 has given off a broad triangular lobe on its right side. 

 The axis of this is constituted by characteristic conical primary lamellae, which, however, have 

 not acquired the deeper colour seen in the larger axes. 



The mode of growth of the coenoecium of C. dodecalophus is not quite apparent. 

 There is no indication that the secreting part of the proboscis has the extraordinary mobility 

 characteristic of C. levinseni. The stalk is moreover very thick and short, which would at first 

 sight appear to forbid the assumption that the proboscis can be protruded far beyond the 

 orifices of the coenoecium. It must, however, be remembered that the stalk of C. dodecalophus 

 possesses a great development of longitudinal muscles, and that its epidermis and basement- 

 membrane are usually very much wrinkled (PI. XIII, fig. 169). This indicates contractility ; 

 and it may fairly be suggested that the stalk is capable of great elongation, so that it might 



