BIRDS OF NEW YORK 57 



Planting to attract birds. Those who wish to attract various species 

 of birds to coverts which are reserved for their accommodation should 

 plant species like red cedar (Juniperus virginiana), flowering dogwood 

 (Cornus florida), red osier (Cornus stolonifera), green osier (Cornus alterni- 

 folia), sheep berry (Viburnum lentago), tree cranberry (Viburnum opulus), 

 spice bush (Benzoin benzoin), blueberries of various species (Vaccinium), 

 huckleberries (Gaylussacia), tupelo or sour gum (Nyssa silvatica), bird 

 cherry (Prunus pennsylvanica) , choke cherry (Prunus virginiana), shad 

 bush (Amelanchier canadensis), barberry (Berberis vulgaris), winterberry 

 (Ilex verticillata) , bayberry (Myrica carolinensis) , hackberry (Celtis 

 occidentalis), white or Russian mulberry (Morus alba), red mulberry 

 (Morus rubra), sassafras (Sassafras sassafras), the various species of Ameri- 

 can hawthorn or thorn trees (Crataegus) , English hawthorn (Crataegus oxya- 

 cantha), wild grapes (Vitis), Virginia creeper or woodbine (Parthenocissus 

 quinquefolia) , elder (Sambucus canadensis), red-berried elder (Sambucus 

 pubens), dwarf wild rose (Rosa humilis), blackberries and raspberries 

 (Rubus), smooth sumac (Rhus glabra), staghorn sumac (Rhushirta), Euro- 

 pean mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia) , American mountain ash (Sorbus 

 americana), ginseng (Aralia quinquefolia), sarsaparilla (Aralia nudicaulis), 

 spikenard (Aralia racemosa), wintergreen (Gaultheria) , partridge berry 

 (Mitchella repens) , panicled dogwood (Cornus paniculata), maple leaf vibur- 

 num (Viburnum acerif olium) , hobble-bush (Viburnum alnifolium), bunch 

 berry or dwarf cornel (Cornus canadensis), fly honeysuckle (Lonicera 

 canadensis), privet (Ligustrum), also cone-bearing and strobile-bearing 

 trees like the spruce, hemlock, larch, alder and birch which furnish seeds 

 for winter birds and buds for grouse. In addition to these shrubs and 

 trees, bird fanciers would also do well to plant various herbs which retain 

 seeds through the fall and winter, such as the sunflower and the much- 

 despised pigweed (Amarantus) and goosefoot (Chenopodium), which 

 remain standing through the winter and furnish welcome sustenance for 

 Song sparrows, Tree sparrows, j uncos and others of the family when few 

 other seeds are obtainable. The plantation of even a few acres of the sorts 



