44 



at the Cape Yerde Islands : this species has been recorded from Cape Barbas to the South 

 of Angola. 



Four species occur on the Atlantic coast of America. Panul. argus (Latr.) is distributed 

 from the Bermuda Islands south to the tropic of Capricorn, Panul. guttatus (Latr.) occurs at 

 the Antilies and on the coast of Brazil, while it has also been taken off the island of Ascencion ; 

 the third species, in which the abdominal somites are furrowed, is Panul. echinatus S. I. Smith 

 from Pernambuco and Fernando Noronha, a species the validity of which is maintained by 

 Miss Rathbun, while it is regarded by Ortmann and Gruvel as identical with Panul. guttatus. 

 In the fourth species, Panul . laevicauda (Latr.), the abdominal somites are smooth; it is distributed 

 from Cuba to Rio de Janeiro. 



Two species, finally, occur on the Pacific Coast of America. Panul. interruptus (Rand.), 

 in which the abdominal somites are provided with interrupted, transverse furrows, occurs from 

 the southern United States to the Gulf of Tehuantepec. In the second the abdominal somites 

 are smooth, not furrowed: this species, Panul. injïatus (Bouv.), is found along the coast of 

 Lower California and Mexico to the Gulf of Panama, but occurs also at the Hawaiian Islands. 



Little or no information at all is given in the descriptions of the species of Panulirus 

 as reo-ards their vertical distribution, but all seem to be inhabitants of shallow water and 

 moderate depths. Panul. pcnicillatus (Oliv.), ornatus (Fabr.) and versicolor (Latr.) have been 

 taken on the reef, Panul. ornatus also up to 32 m., while Panul. versicolor has been obtained 

 also at depths of 13, 23 and 46 m., its puerulus- or "Natant"-stage spiniger (Ortm.) on the 

 reef and at depths of 36 m., 46 m. and 70 m. A young specimen of Panul. japouicus (von 

 Siebold) was captured at a depth of 69 — 78 fathoms on the norih coast of Maui, Hawaiian 

 Islands, and another young specimen, long 23 mm., of an undetermined species of Panulirus 

 has been taken at 322 fathoms off Mariato Point on the Pacific Coast of Panama. 



1. Panulirus japouicus (von Siebold). 



Palinurus japouicus Ph. Fr. von Siebold, Spicilegia Faunae Japonicae, 1824, p. 15. — W. de 

 Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crustacea, p. 158, pis. XLI and XLII, 1841. 



Scnex japouicus A. E. Ortmann, in: Zoolog. Jahrb. Abth. f. Syst. VI, 1S91, p. 25. 



Panulirus japouicus M. J. Rathbun, The Brachyura and Macrura of the Hawaiian Islands, 

 Wash. 1906, p. 897, PI. V. 



Panulirus Japouicus A. Gruvel, in: Annales de ITnstitut Océanogr., T. III, Fase. IV, Paris 

 191 1, p. 28, PI. V, figs. 1 and 3. 



Yokohama, 1 young female collected October 1909 by Mr. G. F. TYDEMAN. 

 This specimen measures 145 mm. from the frontal margin of the carapace to the end oi 

 the telson and fully resembles the excellent figures, published by Miss Rathbun and A. Gruvel, 

 this species, however, attains a length of 360 mm. (Ortmann). There is a longitudinal row of 

 4 small spinules in the midline of the gastric region anteriorly, the foremost of which is placed 

 between the large frontal spines ; on the outer side of the latter one observes, on the 

 anterior margin of the carapace, 4 or 5 small spines, one of which is placed just laterally, 

 half as far distant from the pterygostomian angle as from the large frontal or supra-orbital 

 spine and that is much larger than the others. All the transverse furrows on the abdomen are 



