ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 205 



Nematohelminthes. 



Blood-inhabiting Species of Filaria.* — Dr. O. von Linstow gives a 

 very useful summary of our present knowledge of the Filariie infesting 

 the blood-system of man. He recognises two well-defined species, 

 Filaria bancrofti Cobbold ( = F . sanguinis hominis nocturmx), and F. 

 magalhaesi, while the four following forms are probably stages in one 

 life-history, Filaria diurna Manson (= F. sanguinis hominis major), 

 F. perstans Manson ( = F. sanguinis hominis minor'), F. demarquayi 

 Manson, F. ozzardi Manson. Of the two well-defined species, F. ban- 

 crofti lives in the larval stage in the blood, in the mature stage in the 

 lymphatics. The fact that the larvae occur in the capillaries of the 

 skin at night but not during the day, the author ascribes to the fact 

 that during sleep the capillary walls relax, and so allow the larvae to 

 enter, while during the day the lumen is too narrow for them to pass. 

 The species is characterised by the extreme delicacy and slenderness, 

 which is so great that an unbroken male has apparently not yet been 

 obtained. It occurs in tropical Asia, Africa, America, and Australia. 



The other species, F. magalhaesi, is stout, elastic, and transversely 

 ringed, it infests the heart, and occurs in Brazil. 



Strongyloides intestinalis in Man. — Dr. Pappenheim and Prof. 

 M. Braun f report on a case in which a patient was infected with 

 " anguilluliasis" due to the Ithabditis-like larvre of this worm ( = 

 Anguillula intestinalis Bav. and Ang. stercoralis Bav.). The source of 

 the disease was not discovered. 



Dr. W. Zinn J discusses the life-history of Anguillula intestinalis, 

 which may be by direct metamorphosis or with the interpolation of a 

 unisexual generation, the latter mode being that which he observed. 



Platyhelminthes. 



Head-glands in Tetrarhynchus. § — Dr. Theodor Pintner has dis- 

 covered some remarkable glands of considerable size in the Gestodes 

 which he calls the group Tetrarhynchus attenuatus (including T. mega- 

 cephalus, T. grossus, Ac). The gland-system is distributed in the 

 cortical layer of the whole head except in the region of the suckers, 

 and consists of a number of large pouch-sliaped tufted glands, which, 

 in spite of their size, appear to be unicellular. These give off very 

 numerous ducts which are filled with secretion, and at the apex of the 

 head perforate the proboscis-sheath at four circumscribed spots. There- 

 after they cross the rhynchocoel (inner proboscis cavity) as eight bands, 

 penetrate the proboscis wall, and finally open into the rhynchodaaum 

 (outer proboscis cavity), filling it with their secretion. This secretion 

 is remarkable in displaying a great affinity for nuclear stains, notably 

 for hematoxylin. To this gland-system the author gives the name of 

 the rhynchocheal glands. He notes briefly certain incomplete observa- 

 tions which he has made on its occurrence in other species besides the 

 T. attenuatus group, and gives a list of the species in which previous 



* Zool. Anzeii;., xxiii. (1000) pp. 76-84 (2 fiVs.V 



t Centralbl. Bakt. u. Par., xxvi. (1899) pp. 608-12, 612-n (I pi.). 



t Tom. cit., pp. 696-702 (1 pi.). 



§ Arbeit. Zool. Inst. Wien, xii. (1899) pp. 1-24 (3 pis.). 



