208 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



porphyrio, with an unpaired yolk-gland lying to one side, with an 

 occasional situs inversus of the genitalia, and with remarkable variations 

 in the disposition of other organs, yet none the less nearly related to 

 D. lanceolatum ; (2) D. fellis Olsson from the gall-bladder of Anarhichas 

 lupus, related to D. pagelli, and, in spite of its posteriorly placed testes, 

 not to be placed in the genus Opistorchis ; (3) D. megastomum Rudolphi 

 from dogfish, with minute hardly perceptible oesophagus, with no recep- 

 taculum seminis, with a Genitalnapf provided with a ring-like sucker- 

 like muscular ridge — in fact too divergent to be readily ranked in the 

 genus. 



Trematodes of Birds.* — Dr. L. Hausmann gives a list of the Trema- 

 todes which he found in 31 species of birds. Over 30 per cent, were 

 infected. 



Liver-Fluke in Sheep's Spleen.f — Prof. St. v. Ratz reports what 

 seems to be a very rare occurrence, the presence of a full-grown Disto- 

 mum hepaticum in the spleen of the sheep. The spleen is comparatively 

 free from parasites, but Eehinococcus-bl&ddovs have been repeatedly 

 observed in sheep, ox, pig, Ac. 



Trematodes from Chelonia.* — Prof. M. Braun discusses Monostomum 

 renicapite Leidy from Sphargis coriacea, and six new species of Distomum 

 from other Chelonians. 



Turbellaria of Geneva. § — Herr 0. Fuhrmann supplements the pre- 

 vious lists of Du Plessis [| by some observations of his own. His list 

 includes 27 species, of which 13 had been previously found by Du Plessis, 

 while he has not encountered 10 of those named by that author. In 

 addition to descriptions of new species, the paper includes various notes 

 on habitat, structure, &c. With regard to Microstoma lineare Miiller, an 

 interesting point was noticed. Du Plessis stated that forms from deep 

 water had no eyes, and sometimes no nematocysts, but Fuhrmann finds 

 that both these structures show great variability in forms found in shallow 

 water ; in such forms the " eyes " present all stages of development, 

 pigment being at times wholly absent, while at other times, in addition 

 to pigment-spots, cells with refracting corpuscles are present. 



New Turbellarians.1T — Prof. D. Bergendal describes three Triclad 

 Turbellarians from Punta Arenas, namely, Gunda ohlini sp. n., G. seg- 

 mentatoides sp. n., and an unnamed species of Planaria. 



Habits and Development of Cerebratulus lacteus.** — Mr. Chas. B. 

 Wilson has studied this large Nemertean, which occurs on the Atlantic 

 coast of N. America in sand and mud, especially near clam nnd mussel 

 beds. It is carnivorous, living chiefly upon " clam-worms'' (Nereis). It 

 is not clear how such an apparently defenceless animal can overcome a 

 strongly armed form like Nereis, but it was found that the slime of the 

 Nemertean is intensely bitter, and may be protective, preventing any 

 attack from the Nereis. The Nemertean breathes by taking in water 

 into the oesophagus, and then expelling it again ; the cephalic slits seem 



* Centralbl. Bakt. u. Par., xxvi. (1899) pp. 447-53. t Tom. cit. pp. 616-8. 

 \ Tom. cit., pp. 627-32. § Rev. Suisse Zool., vii. (1900) pp. 717-31 (1 pi.). 

 \ Op. cit., v. (1897). If Zool. Anzei.e;., xxii. (1899) pp. 521-4. 



: Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., xliii. (1900) pp. 97-198 (3 pis.). 



