ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 235 



A destructive disease of pinks lias been determined by MM. E. 

 Prillieux and Delacroix * to be due to a new species of Fusarium, which 

 they name F. Dianthi. It occurs in three distinct forms — the fusariuin- 

 form with elongated hyaline conids, either straight or curved, and usually 

 3-septate ; a form with rounded hyaline conids ; and a form with globular 

 hyaline chlamydospores. 



Heir H. C. Schellenberg | deals in detail witb a sclerote disease of 

 the quince, attacking the leaves, due to a fungus to which he gives the 

 name Sclerotinia Gtjdonise sp. n. Its life-history was fully followed out, 

 with the exception of the formation of the ascospores in the perithece. 



Species of Aspergillus. J — Herr C. Wehmer classifies the known 

 species of Aspergillus under the following heads : — (1) White (A. albus) ; 

 (2) Yellow-brown; sterigmas chiefly or entirely branched (A. Ostianus 

 sp. n., A. Wentii) ; sterigmas branched, Sterigrnatocystis (A sulfureus, 

 A. ochraceus, A. Behmii) ; (3) Green to green-yellow or yellow-green ; 

 spores large, sterigmas unbranched (A. glaueus>, A. fiavus, A. Oryzse) ; 

 spores small, sterigmas simple or branched (A. clavatus, A. varians 

 sp. n., A. fumigatus, A. minimus sp. n., A. nidulans) ; (4) Brown-black 

 ( A. niger). With regard to the fructification : — peritheces are known in 

 A. glaucus and A. JRehmii; sclerotes with formation of asci in A. nidulans 

 aud A. niger (?) ; sclerotial formations without further development in 

 A. jlavus, ochraceus, and nijer. In the remaining species no fertile stage 

 is at present known. The new species are described in detail. 



Onygena equina, a Horn-destroying Fungus.§ — Prof. H. Marshall 

 Ward has added to our knowledge of this fungus — belonging to the 

 Ascomycetes, and most nearly related to the Tuberaceae and Erysipheae 

 — which grows on feathers, hairs, horns, hoofs, &c. The sporophores 

 arise as dome- or club-shaped masses of hyphfe, covered by a glistening 

 white powder, consisting of chlamydospores formed at the free ends of 

 the hyphse. When the crop of chlamydospores on the outside of the 

 young sporophore is exhausted, the hyphae which bear the spores com- 

 bine to form the peridium, clothing the head of the sporocarp. Minute 

 tufts or knots of claw-like filaments are now developed, which are the 

 ascogenous hyphae. Tiie asci disappear entirely before the spores are 

 ripe. The author finds that the ascospores will not germinate until they 

 have been digested in gastric juice ; and this promotes also the germi- 

 nation of the chlamydospores. In nature it would appear that the 

 spores must pass through the body of an animal before they can 

 germinate. 



Lichen- Substances. || — In a further communication on this subject, 

 Herr W. Zopf gives a number of additional details regarding substances 

 extracted from lichens. Among these may be mentioned : — The orange- 

 red pigment extracted by the author from Sticta aurata, and called by 

 him stictaurin, which is a derivative of pulvinic acid. Lecanic acid has 

 been found in a number of lichens in addition to those already name 1. 



* Comptes Eendus, cxxix. (1899) pp. 744-5. ' 

 f Ber. Deutsch. Bol. Gesell., xvii. (1899) pp.' 205-15 (1 pi.). 

 t Bot. Centiulbl., lxxx. (1899) pp. 449-61 (1 fig.). 

 § Pmc. Roy. Soc, lxv. (1899) pp. 158-9. 



|| Liebig's Ann. de Chemie, cccvi. (1899) pp. 282-321. See Bot. Centralbl., lxxx. 

 (18y9) p. 222. Cf. this Journal, 1895, p. 665. 



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