MENISPERMACEAE 145 
It is common and widely distributed in the settled areas of the 
Philippines at low and medium altitudes. 
Illustrative specimen from Umingan, Pangasinan Province, 
Luzon, May, 1914, there known as calaad (Merrill: Species 
Blancoanae No. 9). 
ANAMIRTA Colebrook 
Menispermum cocculus Linn.; Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 809; ed. 2 (1845) 
557 (coculus) ; ed. 8, 3 (1879) 216—=ANAMIRTA COCCULUS (Linn.) 
W.& A. 
Blanco’s description, for the most part, applies to Anamirta 
cocculus, but he confused with it the species later described as 
Arcangelisia lemniscata Becc.=A. flava (Linn.) Merr. (Menis- 
permum flavum Linn.). Anamirta .cocculus has pale or nearly 
white wood, while Arcangelisia has distinctly yellow wood; the 
former yields the seeds used in poisoning fish, the latter the 
yellow wood mentioned by Blanco as used in the practice of 
medicine. Some of the native names cited by Blanco apply to 
one, some to the other. : 
Illustrative specimen from Mount Batulao, Batangas Prov- 
ince, Luzon, August, 1911, there known as ligtang (Merrill: 
Species Blancoanae No. 476). 
TINOSPORA Miers 
foes vie rimosum Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 810; ed. 2 (1845) 558; ed. 
8, 3 (1879) 217, non Spreng.=TINOSPORA RUMPHII Boerl. 
Blanco’s species was reduced by Fernandez-Villar to Tinos- 
pora crispa (Linn.) Miers, an allied species that does not appear 
to oecur in the Philippines. Blanco’s discussion includes the 
form distributed herewith, the one with broadly ovate, prom- 
inently cordate leaves, having an exceedingly bitter principle, 
the true macabuhay; and the more common Philippine species, 
with but a slight amount of the bitter principle, Tinospora re- 
ticulata. Miers. This is perhaps the most generally used med- 
icinal plant in the Philippines. In regions subject to a prolonged 
dry season it is often entirely leafless at the time of anthesis. 
It is universally known as macabuhay; see Merrill, E. D., An 
Interpretation of Rumphius’s Herbarium Amboinense (1917) 
220. 
Illustrative specimen from Masambong, near Manila, Luzon, 
March, 1915, flowering specimens without leaves (Merrill: 
Species Blancoanae No. 903.); leaf specimens from the same 
plant, October, 1916 (Merrill: Species Blancoanae No. 1003). 
151862——_10 
