Pend Creille and west of Lake Coeur d'Alene. It would annear as a 
temoorary but necessary interloper, seeming not to reproduce itsel? 
but to be replaced on the one hand by yellow pine, upon the other by 
larch and white pine, Pinus monticola. It frequently replaces stands 
of lodgepole pine which have arisen after severe and repeated burnings. 
It may extend well up to the zone dominated by Abies lasiocarpa. Its 
associates vary considerably with the terrain. 
Its most common shrub associates are Physocarpus pauciflorus, Holo- 
discus discolcr, Prunus emarginata, Amelanchier florida, Pachystima 
Myrsinites, Spiraea corymbosa, Philadelphus Lewisii, Mahonia repens, 
Ceanothus sanguineus, and C. velutinus. 
The commonly associated herbs are: Clarkia rhomboidea, C. pulchella, 
Sedum Douglasii, Polygonum Douglasii, P. polygaloides, Cryptogramma 
crispa, Scutellaria angustifolia, Delphinium Nelsoni, Collomia 
linearis, Achillea millefoliun, Eriogonum heracleoides, Lupinus sericeus, 
Heuchera glabella, Arenaria congesta and Antennaria rosea. Since the 
Soil is thin énd outcrops are frequent, the herbs are often ennuels 
of xerophytic tyve. 
In the southwestern part of our area, where the situations lean toward 
the moister Thuja climax, frequent intermixtures of Douglas fir and low- 
land fir may occur, often with a Sorinkling of white pine. 
In the region of the lakes, where the Douglas fir-laich type is best 
