The nature of the white pine type may best be suggested by a sketch 
of succession within the type after a fire. Such succession is var- 
fable, because of local conditions and the conditions of the burning, 
and any short statement must be understood as being approximate, pre- 
senting something in the nature of 4 composite view. )Let us assume a 
slope with more or less northerly exposure which is forested primarily 
with white pine, white fir, cedar and Douglas fir in the order named, 
the age class being approximately 120 years. Within this forest the 
shrubs are sparse and generally few, being such as Rosa gymnocarpa, 
Vaccinium membranaceum, Ribes viscosissimum, R. lacustre, Pachystima 
Myrsinites, Rubus leucodermis, R. parviflorus, Acer Douglasii, Menziesia 
glabella, and Amelanchier florida. Low herbs are abundant, such as 
@) Gorm carpensis, Coptis occidentalis, Polystichum munitum, P. Lon- 
fe =< 
@ r chitas, Smilacina sessilifolia, Viola orbiculata, Mitella stauropetala, 
Valeriana sitchensis, Anemone Piperi, Disporum oreganum, Osmorr 11za 
nuda, Clintonia uniflora, Chimaphile umbellata, Hieracivm albiflorun, 
Aster conspicuus, Tiarella unifoliata, Galium triflorum, Fragaria amer- 
icana, Adenocaulon bicolor and Trillium ovatum. 
Adjacent to and in continuation of the same slope is a burn or several 
nundred acres which we shall assume occurred ten years previously, 2 
hot fire which, for the most part, reduced the duff to ashes. The tall 
whitened trunks are mostly standing--4 ghostly forest which becomes 
violescent and transformed when caught in the slanting western sun. 
The ground is barren of any Getritus, gravelly and with frequent out- 
crops and ledges which were deeoly hidden within the living forest 
