<5 
As this very young forest srows, the larch commonly outstrips its 
companions, and thus serves as a nurse crop for the other tree spe- 
cies, and is often the first forest tree to disappear. Abies grandis 
and Pseudotsuga taxifolia disappear Slowly, and in favorable spots the 
white pine, together with some larch and Douglas fir, ultimately forms 
the subclimax, seeming in some cases to persist for two or more gen- 
erations. As the forest approaches maturity, Thuja plicata, because 
of its greater shade (> tolerance, becomes more and more apparent in the 
understory. Depending upon the nature of the exposure, elevation and 
soil, saplings of this species, often dense and forming thickets, may 
or may not reach their normal development. As has been previously 
stated, the climax is reached in comparatively restricted areas or not 
at all. 
Those areas which have reached the climax are of great beauty and rich- 
ness. The trunks of the great cedars glow warmly in the diffuse light 
which, especially in the north, where it is diffracted by the lacery of 
hemlock foliage, tekes on an opalescent quality. The ground cover is 
scant, and one may stride freely in al] directions. There are occasion- 
al fallen trunks deep in decay and covered with mosses and trailing 
Linnaea borealis and Rubus vedatus, or bright with star-like Moneses 
uniflora. The shrubs are few and straggling, being chiefiy Rubus parvi- 
florus, Vaccinium membranaceum and Pachystima Myrsinites, with Acer 
Douglasii and Oplopanax horridum in springy places. Moist evots are 
’ 
4 + 24-7, Tet eae reap, ’ ce OF prey, “Slate Tm cy pate r + i be oe Ins are 
brightened with rankly growing ferns such as Athyrium filix-foemina and 
—_ ex Seeeees re ee ie ais ae a ra} Y - poe Se . a) re 1. Pee - | . 
Dryooteris Tillx-mas. Gn tne dryer floor where the cuff is dense 
Fete NO ke alah nate Race en 
eee we 
