Chief References 
Blankinshiv, J. W. History of Montana Botany. Montana Agric. Coll. 
BGis pteud. Bots 1: Le5l. 3905; 
river, C. V. Botanical explorers of Washington. Contr. U. S. Nat. 
Herp. 11: 10-20. 1906. 
IVTRODUCTION TO THE USr OF A MANUAL 
CLASSIFICATION 
The object of tnis volume is to assist in ascertaining the 
names and relationsnios of the ees which grow in northern Idaho. 
The several hundred snecies dealt with are arranged in larger groups 
known as genera. These in turn are assembled into groups known as 
families. A svecies may be simply defined as one of a group of simi- 
lar organisms of common descent and close relationship. For example: 
familiar species are the biackberry, rasoberry and thimbleberry. 
These three species, together with other similar ones, compose the 
genus Rubus. Rubus, Fragaria (strawberry), Potentilla (cinquefoil), 
Geum (avens) and other related genera compose the family Rosaceae. 
In seed plants the primary organ for determination of such 
relationships is the flower and its product, the fruit. It is pri- 
marily upon resemblances and dissimilarities in flower structure that 
the bases for classification are found. For the benefit of those 
who my never have studied totany, the more common tyves of tlowers 
