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3, B, mltifidum subsp. silaifolium (Presl) Clausen. Leathery Grape-fern, 
Coarse fleshy-textured fern-like plants, arising from slender deep-seated 
rootstocks, bearing 1 or 2 sterile fronds,cach hastate-triangular to 
pentagonal in outline, suggesting Angelica, tripinnate, the lowermost 
primary divisions the longest, 10-15 cm, long, inequilateral, the basal 
subdivisions projecting downwards, 1-2 pinnatifid, all the ultimate segments 
rounded, obtuse, more or less crenulate with fine irregular teeth, venation 
obscure; sporophyll tripinnate, long-pedunculate, the panicle ample, up to 
15 com, long, usually borne above the foliage. 
Occasional, apparently of sporadic occurrence, in rich shaded bottom- 
lands, 2000-3000 feet; Santa, Epling & Offord 85933 Orogrande Cr., Epling 
& Houck 9310. Somewhat indistinctly separable in our region is the subsp. 
Coulteri (Underw.) Clausen, with the fronds distinctly fleshy, smaller, 
the lowermost primary divisions 7-10 cm, long, subequilateral, the ultimate 
segments approximate or overlapping to give a dense somewhat pentagonal 
frond; in willow swamps and among rocks of lakeshore, Cocolalla, Christ 1601; 
Upper Priest Lake, Epling 7746 « 
