3. De filix-mas (L.) Schott. Male Fern, Tall strong, rather coarse-fronded 
fern, arising from a stout scaly rhizome, stipes and rachises straw-colored, 
the fronds 3-11 dm. long, lanceolate in outline, bipinnate, the pinnae 
usually a little distant from each other, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate to 
a somewhat caudate tip, pinnatifid or the lowermost completely pinnate, 10- 
16 cm, long, the pinnules short-oblong, 12-16 mm, long, serrulate, the sinuses 
of the teeth narrow, closed; sori confined to proximal half of each pinnule, 
in 2 more or less regular rows, nutmeg-brown, nearer the midvein than the 
margins indusia orbicular, attached by the short closed sinuse 
Damp shady woods and spring seeps, common at middle elevations. 
9. Cystopteris Bernh, Bladder Ferns 
Delicate membranous fern, the stipes slender, weakly chaffy, arising 
ci Sate yt he 
from a matted rootstock; blades bipinnate or tripinnate, the segments toothed; 
@ sori roundish, covered by a membranous bladder-like indusium which drys away 
to a persistent attachment at one side of the soruse > 
— - eo 
indusium characters, and from which it also differs in its thinner-textured 
more filmy fronds which are always glandlesse 
de 
1. Ce fragilis (L.) Bernh. Fronds variable, mostly lanceolate, the basal 
pinnae distant, the upper uniformly hewreeg to the acute tip; pinnae pinnate 
or pinnatifid, lanceolate, 18-30 mm, long, the pinnules serrulate at apex at 
least, with acute teeth, often obscured by the abundant closely—massed more 
positions indusia rather early deciduous except at tip of blades, the blades 
wholly glabrous or with a few scattered hairs on the dorsal surface. (Filix 
fragilis (Le) Gilib.). 
@ Sieh OR BE Spe ee il 
or less confluent sori, which often extend to margins from a 2-rowed submargineal . 
10u07 
