3 Picea Link. Spruce . 
frees with needle-like leaves, alternate and spiral, spreading and 
curving upwards, 4-angled in our species, acute and stiff, decurrent and 
jointed at the base, persistent for several years, leaving a characteristic. 
peg-like spreading base below the joint after being shed. ‘the staminate 
and ovulate cones borne on ths same tree on second year wood, terminal or wae 
axillary, the former cylindrical, formed of a spiral series of two-ehambered- 
stamens, subtended by an involucre of scales, the latter formed of a spiral 
series of fertile sporophylls (scales) each bearing two ovules on the upper 
surface, each subtended by an inconspicuous bract; fruit a more or less 
woody pendent cone, maturing the first year and deciduous in our species, 
the scales thin; seeds winged. Cotyledons several, 5-angled. 
le P. Engelmannii Engelm. ~—> Engelmann Spruce. —__>»A forest tree with a 
massive trunk tapering gradually, commonly 25-50 m. tall, characterized in 
our region by the sharp needles and scaly bark; D.BeH. rarely more than 
1 me; branches irregularly disposed, the lowermost drooping markedly, the 
branchlets more or less pendulous; branchlets tan color the first year, or 
straw- colored in new growth, glandular-puberulent, soon becoming dull ergy 
and scurfy, marked by the porsistent and prominent decurrent leaf bases; 
young bark very dull slate color, soon broken by tiny brown shallow fissures, 
scurfy, soon flaking or scaly, the mature bark 1.5-2 cm. thick, rathar 
light gr?y with a reddish tinge from the fissures, scaly, the scales commonly 
5-10 cm. lons, 2-5 cm. wide, Concave, rough, brown beneath, the basal 
bark on old trees frequently fissured,forming small oblong plates; crown 
oblong, acute and conical above, obtuse in old trees; foliage dark, bluish- 
sreen, often glaucous, some individuals even suggesting EP. punsens; needles 
spreading in all directions, averaging < cm. in length, curved inwards, 
rhomboidal in cross-section, with an oil-tube along each Side, pers is tent 
5-6 years, stomta evident on all four surfaces, apex acute and mucronate, 
the base slender, articulate, the persistent stubs .8-.9 mm. long, spreading, 
expanded at the ay x3; staminate cones 1.5 cm. long, 8 mm. Wide, anthers 
225 mme lons, the tip rounded, erose-denticulate; ovulate cones borne near 
the apex of the tree on dwarf lateral and apical tranchlets from secona year 
wood, 3-6 cme lon, 1-5-2 cu. wide, befors opening, narrowed at both ends, 
sreen os purclish, scales oval-rhombeia or oLovate-rhomboic, 1-15 mm. lon, 
rounded to truncats at tne apex, fineizy e.oueu, even noteled , faintly striate, 
£eD-0 Cme wide, oblong after openin:,; seeds £25 mite long, the wing rose 
tinted, oval, 4-6 m1. loans. Seedling 1-2 cm. tall, cotyledons 5-4, v-anzled, 
sometixes cersistent the second year, scarcely 1 cm. long, less than 1] mm. 
wide, very acute but hardly iueronate, first leaves 6-8 ma. lon., slender, 
acute and tirped with 2 Myaline mucro curving upwards at tho end, S-ancled, 
light green, mar lin minutely and sparincly serrulate, the serrations glandular 
tipped, jointed .5 ma. above the base, decurrent belov the joint, tne primary 
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