mpees with needle-like leaves, alternate and spiral, spreading 
in all directions, soft, flattened, slightly decurrent below the joint, 
persistent for several years, leaving a slight appressed, stubby base 
when shede ‘onoecious, the staminate cones axillary, sessile, cylindrical, 
each stamen with @ snort reflexed aprendage at the tip; ovulate cones 
terminal or subterminal, solitary, “o:med of a spiral series of fertile 
sporophylis (scales), each bearing & ovules on the upper surface, each 
subtended by 2 conspicuous 3-toothed pract; fruit a more or less woody 
pendent cons, maturing the first year, @né deciduous or persistent the 
ollowing year, the scales thin, seedsgwinged. Cotyledons several. , 
(entire, the 3=toothed bract sonsplouously extended beyond the s 
Oo —™ ot 
1. Pseudotsuga taxifolia (Lamb. ) Britton. —_augeueniie—> A forest tree 
30-40 me tall, the trunk tapering, the base gradually expanded , meter > 
sae e : the|deerly furrowed and thick gr@ parl¥, the furrows 
peing yellowish within; D.Beilie as much as le-leD mM. Branches more or less 
horizontal, the lower tending to droop, the upper ascending, the branchlets 
slenaer and gracefully pendulous, giving the rather broad crown a character- 
istic graceful aspect, olivaceous or light brown, shining, puberulent, 
roughened by the leaf-bases; young park light sray, very dull, early 
pecoming longitudinally fissured, the fissures forming an irreguiar network, 
distinctly yellowish at the bottom, outer bark separating readily leaving 
a pock-marked inner bark, mature bark 2-3 cm. thick, rather corky, the 
basal portions several times thicker, dark grey but soft in shade, yellowish 
when cut, irregularly and deeply furrowed, the furrows traceable often for 
several feet, yellowish at the pottom, the ridges irregular in size and 
very rough and uneven on the surface and edges; crown of younger trees ; 
or isolated trees at high elevations broadly pyramidal, the apex rather 
acute, that of older trees ana forest grown trees rounded or obtuse; foliage 
rather yellowish-green en masse, put dark; needles 2-5 cm. long, soft, 
acute and tipped with a hyaline mucro,y or plunt, variable on the same tree, 
flat, the margins rounded, the midvein. impressed, the stomata more or less 
evident beneath, each margin with two minute resin ducts, narrowed abruptly 
at the base with e twist and jointed, but slightly decurrent below the joint. 
Staminate cones yellow, 8-12 mm. lon, cylindrical, the stamen subulate- 
triangular at tne apex; ovulate cones vorne mostly in the upper half of the 
crown on short dwarf lateral branchlets from second year wood, mature cones 
4-6 cme long, green and purplish cales orbicular, minutely eroded, about : 
1.5 cme, long, tho bract somewhat large., oblong, notched at the tip, the ; 
notch provided with a very shary mucro 5-7 mme long; seeds 5 mm. long, 
wings oval, 8-9 mm. long. Seedling 3-4 om. tall, dark green, cotyledons 
7-8, persistent to second year, 1-5-« cme long, 1.5 mm. wide, flat, rather 
<lossy, acute but not mucronate, stometa nardly visible, midvein visible 
= 
but not vrominent; prenchlets minutely puberulent; ‘irst leaves 1-1-5 cm. 
lon;, acute and tipped with a hyaline mucro.(Pe mcronata (Rafe) Sudwe)- 
Ranges from 2500 feet to 6000 feet in favorable places, occupying 
drier slopes especially “ith southern exposure. Below 500C ft. merges with 
Pinus ponderosa. At higher elevations is most camnonly associated with 
Larix occidentalis or Aviles srandis. Is frequently found on rocky exposed 
slopes from 3000-5000 fte, forming nearly pure 3tands.e Is apparentiy the 
a ts ena cs beth malt toatl 
climax tree of a transitional belt between txe white »ine tyne and the 
