434 Bibliographical Notices. 



on a new kind of Phosphorescence observed in certain Annelides and 

 OphiurcB. The author shows that the light in these cases proceeded 

 from the muscular tissues of the animals. 



Botany. — On the growth of Pinus sylvestris in the north of Europe, 

 by MM. Bravais and Ch. Martins. — Monograph of the genus Ebenus, 

 by Count Jaubert and Ed. Spach. Of the species described two are 

 European, seven Asiatic and one African. Seven out of the total ten 

 are new. There is appended a description of a new genus, Ebeni- 

 dium, intermediate between Ebenus and Anthyllis. Ebenidium lago- 

 pus, a plant from Southern Persia, is the only species. — Remarks on 

 the anatomical structure of Melocactus, by F. A. W. Miquel (trans- 

 lated from the ' Linnaea'). — A revision of the species of Chamoer- 

 rhodos, by Prof. Bunge. — On the genus Hypocharis, by E. Kegel 

 (from the ' Linnaea'). — A translation of M. Gceppart's memoir on the 

 ligneous knots in Abies pectinata. 



April. — Zoology. — A translation of Siebold's paper on the organ 

 of Hearing in the MoUusca. — M. d'Orbigny on the comparative 

 normal position of Bivalve MoUusca. The opinions expressed in this 

 paper are rather fanciful than important. — A translation of Prof» 

 Owen's great memoir on the Mylodon. 



Botany. — Note on Cambium, by MM. Mirbel and Payen. — M. 

 Mohl's researches on the Cuticle of Plants (from the 'Linnaea'). — 

 Dr. Leveille on Fungi of the neighbourhood of Paris. — Count Jau- 

 bert and M. Spach on the Oriental species of Leobordea. — Dr. Mon- 

 tague's Fourth Century of new Exotic Cellulares, 



May. — Zoology. — General Considerations on the Palaeontology of 

 South America, compared with European Palaeontology, by M. Alcide 

 d'Orbigny. A very interesting paper by a naturalist, whose works 

 promise to rescue the palaeontology of the Invertebrata from the ob- 

 scurity which pervades it, in consequence of having remained so long 

 in the hands of persons whose knowledge was geological rather than 

 zoological. Among the conclusions drawn by M. d'Orbigny from 

 the facts on which this paper is founded, are the following : 1st, that 

 ** beings, taken as a whole, have, following the chronological order of 

 faunae characteristic of formations, progressed in America as in Europe 

 from simple to complicated." [This conclusion will hardly bear criti- 

 cism.] 2ndly, no transition being evident among specific forms,, beings 

 appear to have succeeded each other on the surface of the earth, not 

 by passage, but by extinction of existing races and by the creation of 

 new species at each geological epoch : 3rdly, animals are divided into 

 zones according to geological epochs, each of whichrepresents a distinct 

 fauna having the same palaeontological aspect and composed of the 

 same generic forms both in Europe and America, and also containing 

 certain species common to both : 4thly, M. d'Orbigny regards such a 

 state of things as indicating, among the older formations, a uniformity 

 of temperature and a general shallowness of the seas : 5thly, after the 

 cretaceous aera the influence of climate commences, consequent on 

 the diminution of the internal heat of the globe ; uniformity of distri- 

 bution disappears, and local faunae are multiplied. — Memoir on the 

 Eolidina paradoxum, Quat., by M. A. de Quatrefages (with a fine en- 



