Zoological Society. 199 



begins (and necessarily must begin) at the top of the tree, and its 

 fluxion is generated gradually downwards until the whole is in mo- 

 tion." It is by means of this descending fluidity, and not by any 

 descent of the sap itself, that he explains the callosities or swellings 

 observed above a ligature, on the upper edge of a wound, and in 

 various other circumstances. Instead of attributing the formation of 

 the tissues of the plant to the organizable property of the elaborated 

 sap, he believes that the membranes and every other organic part or 

 constituent of the plant have rudimental existence and identity before 

 development. He regards the cambium as the seat of vegetable life 

 and the origin of all vegetable growth. From this living body (which 

 he calls the indusium or vital membrane) he believes that the axis of 

 wood is annually enlarged in diameter, and the bark is thickened ; 

 from this, and this only, buds and roots are produced ; and wounds 

 are healed by its gradual extension. The paper concludes by a 

 reference to the opinions of Bonnet, DeCandolle, Mirbel, and Du- 

 trochet. 



ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



July 9, 1844. — William Horton Lloyd, Esq., in the Chair. 



" Descriptions of new species of Tritons, collected chiefly by H. 

 Cuming, Esq. in the Philippine Islands," by Lovell Reeve, Esq. 



Triton gallinago. Trit. testd abbreviato-clavceformi, varicibus 

 duobus, rotundis, solidis ; spird breviusculd, acuminatd -, anfracti' 

 bus superne cmgulatis, tuberculorum serie unicd ad angulum armatis, 

 tuberculis peculiaritbr plano-vellicatis, acuiis, anfractds ultimi 

 vald^ irregularibus ; anfractibus infra costatis, costis crenulatis, 

 sub tuberculis flexuose nodulosis, costarum interstitiis elevato- 

 striatis ; alba, varicibus aurantio-fusco v'lvide tinctis ; columelld 

 rugoso-plicatd, aperturts fauce albd, labro intusfortiter denticu- 

 late ; canali subelongato, ascendente. 

 Conch. Icon., Triton, pi. 2. f. 5. 



Hab. Cagayan, province of Misamis, island of Mindanao, Philip- 

 pines (found in sandy mud at the depth of twenty fathoms) ; Cuming. 

 The ribs of this delicate species are noduled, and more strongly 

 developed on the varices than on the body of the shell ; and the cen- 

 tral dorsal tubercle of the last whorl is unusually prominent, with all 

 the appearance of a double tubercle. The canal is much shorter 

 than that of most of the club-shaped Tritons, and is particularly 

 curved or bent upwards. 



Triton Ranelloides. Trit. testd Ranellteformi, varicibus decern 

 nodiferis ; spird elevatd ; anfractibus, superficie totd subtilissime 

 reticulata, superne depressis, infra nodis grandibus biseriatim, an- 

 fractu ultimo triseriatim, cinctis, nodis inferioribus minoribus ; 

 luteo-albidd, fuscescente varid, tteniis subtilissiynis fuscescente 

 alboque articulatis, lineis fuscis fortioribus inter nodos, cinctd ; 

 columelld macula purpured albirugosd superne tinctd ; aperturce 

 fauce albd, labro intus leviter denticulato ; canali brevissimo. 

 Conch. Icon., Triton, pi. 3. f. 10. 



