Meteorological Observations. 215 



{jet differ from those above ; and although the Polythalamia are still 

 abundant, and many of the species appear to be the same as in the 

 strata above, yet they are less easy to observe on account of the 

 greater compactness of the marls, and the adherence of crystalline 

 calcareous particles to the shells. 



"6. The marls which you sent from the Cooper River, 35 to 38 

 miles above Charleston, also abound in Polythalamia, and so many 

 of the species are identical v^^ith those found beneath Charleston, that 

 they most probably belong to the same formation. This place on 

 the Cooper River may be the outcrop of the very slightly inclined 

 beds which exist under Charleston. [In this conclusion Prof. Bailey 

 is correct. — J. L. S.] 



•'7. The Polythalamia, to whose labours South Carolina owes so 

 large a portion of her territory, are still at work in countless thou- 

 sands upon her coasts, filling up harbours, forming shoals, and depo- 

 siting their shells to record the present state of the sea-shore, as their 

 predecessors, now entombed beneath Charleston, have done with re- 

 gard to ancient oceans. The mud from Charleston harbour is filled 

 not only with beautiful Polythalamian shells, but is also very rich in 

 siliceous infusoria." — Extract of a letter from Prof. Bailey to J. L. 

 Smith, in Sillimans American Journal, Jan. 1845. 



METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS FOR JAN. 1845. 

 Chiswick. — January 1. Foggy. 2. Cloudy : frosty. 3. Frosty : cloudy. 4. 

 Overcast. 5. Rain. 6. Very fine. 7. Thick haze: very fine. 8, 9. Foggy. 

 10. Thick haze: boisterous at night. 11. Boisterous, with rain. 12. Hazy: 

 rain : fine. 13. Overcast: clear. 14, Rain : drizzly : heavy rain. 15. iJain: 

 fine. 16,17. Overcast. 18. Densely clouded: heavy rain. 19. Clear : haii- 

 shovv'er at noon : constant heavy rain at night. 20. Boisterous. 21. Clear and 

 frosty. 22. Sharp, frost : hazy : fine : overcast. 23. Overcast : rain. 24. Fine : 

 rain : frosty. 25. Clear and frosty : overcast: boisterous. 26. Boisterous : clear. 



27. Rain : boisterous : cloudy. 28. Slight snow : fine, with sun : rain. 29. Over- 

 cast. 30. Hazy: frosty. 31. Frosty: cloudy: frosty. — Mean temperature of 

 the month 2°*36 above the average. 



Boston. — Jan. 1. Foggy. 2. Snow. 3,4. Fine. 5. Cloudy : rain early a.m. 

 6 — 10. Cloudy. 1 1. Windy : rain early a.m. : rain p.m. 12. Foggy. 13. Foggy : 

 rain A.M. 14. Cloudy. 15. Cloudy: rain early a.m. 16. Cloudy. 17. Fine, 

 18. Cloudy : rain p M. 19. Cloudy. 20. Stormy: rain early a.m. 21. Fine. 

 22. Rain. 23. Cloudy. 24, 25. Fine. 26. Stormy, 27. Snow : rain a.m. 



28. Fine : rain A.M. 29. Cloudy. 30,31. Fine. 



Siindwlck Manse, Orkney. — Jan. 1. Bright: cloudy. 2. Clear: frost: cloudy. 

 3. Clear : frost : showers. 4. Showers : rain. 5. Showers : cloudy. 6. Showers : 

 clear. 7. Bright : clear ; aurora. 8. Clear : frost : clear. 9. Clear : cloudy. 

 10. Cloudy. 11,12. Bright: clear. 13. Cloudy: drops. 14. Cloudy. 15. 

 Bright : clear. 16. Clear: cloudy. 17. Showers. 18. Bright: cloudy. 19. 

 Brigiit : frost: clear: frost. 20. Bright: frost: clear: aurora. 21. Cloudy: 

 frost : drops. 22. Bright : showers : halo. 23. Showers. 24. Showers : clear. 

 25. Rain. 26. Showers : hail-showers. 27. Cloudy. 28. Snow-showers : clear : 

 aurora. 29. Snow-showers : drift. 30. Clear. 31. Showers. 



Applegart/i Manse, Dumfries-shire. — Jan. 1. Frost : dull. 2. Slight frost. 

 3. Thaw: frost a.m. 4. Frost a.m.: rain p.m. 5. Rain a.m. 6. Dry and mild. 

 7 Rain early a.m. 8. Fair, but dull. 9. Fair: slight frost. 10. Fair, but dull : 

 rain p.m. II. Heavy rain a.m. : flood. 12. Fair and mild. 13. Rain: frost. 

 14. Fair. 15. Dull and cloudy. 16. Frost. 17. Slight frost: thaw p.m. 18. 

 Rain. 19. Snow: rain p.m. 20. Frost: clear. 21. Frost: thaw p.m. 22. 

 Thaw : fog. 23. Rain. 24. Rain early a.m. 25. Frost early a.m. : rain. 26. 

 Rain : flood. 27. Snow : slight frost. 28, 29. Frost, severe : snow lying. 30. 

 Frost, severe : snow. 31. Very hard frost. 



