382 On some Gigantic Forms of Invertebrate Animals. 



the propagation of the Pedicellina, it is accomplished by shoots 

 which come straight from the root^ which seems also to be the 

 case with the Zoanthi : I have never observed amongst them 

 any other mode of propagation. 



1st spec. Pedicellina echinata. — The long cylindrical stem is 

 everywhere equally thick, and provided all round with numerous 

 thin, pointed prickles. In some of them a few similar prickles 

 are observed on the knob. The knob itself is oval and compressed. 

 One of the small sides where the gut ascends is more convex than 

 the opposite one. The upper edge is furnished with a circle of 

 24 tentacles, which number however varies in individuals from 

 20 — 22 — 24. These tentacles are about half the length of the 

 knob. Within are seen a longitudinal row of numerous trans- 

 parent globules. The ascending gut I have often seen filled with 

 dark brown excrement which had gathered itself into oval par- 

 ticles. In the food-canal are sometimes seen a large number of 

 little grains in constant motion, which doubtless were infusoria 

 which they had swallowed. When the tentacles or any other part 

 of the animal is touched, it shrinks from the irritating object, 

 turning the stem to a side, bringing the tentacles together, or 

 drawing them in and shutting its mouth. These contractions 

 however are performed slowly, while on the other hand the stem 

 moves quickly with the slightest touch. The whole length of the 

 animal is about |-", the knob y\r" long and ^" broad. The colour 

 is whitish and transparent. This sort is found attached to va- 

 rious bodies, as Cochylia, Serpula, Sertularia, in the Fiord of 

 Bergen. 



2nd spec. Pedicellina gracilis. — The stem of this kind is quite 

 smooth and free from prickles ; it is also thinner and proportion- 

 ably longer than the preceding one. The whole animal however 

 is smaller, about 1"' long, and the stem of the thickness of the 

 finest hair. The knob is less oblong than the preceding one, and 

 on the end is furnished with about 20 tentacles. The stem be- 

 low is a little thinner than above, but expands at the lowest end 

 into a short thick cylinder. The stem as a whole is of a more 

 firm consistence, except the knob and the lower thick part which 

 are softer. It appears therefore to bend only at these two places. 

 When irritated, therefore, either the upper part of the stem with 

 the knob moves, which gives the animal a nodding appearance, or 

 the whole stem bends, at the base, to the side or downwards. This 

 sort, like the former, were found on a conglomerate of Serpula, a 

 large number together. It doubtless also has similar creeping 

 roots, but I was not fortunate enough to find any of them torn 

 up ; nor could they be distinctly seen, in consequence of the 

 minute dimensions of the animal. Sometimes however a small 



