422 Bibliograjjhical Notices. 



from which we learn that it contains 4350 botanical works. It is 

 greatly to be hoped that an arranged and descriptive catalogue of 

 this library will be prepared and given to the public. We know of 

 few works which would be of greater service to botanists. 



A copious index concludes the volume. The whole evinces in 

 every part the hand of a master, and does its author the greatest 

 credit. It only requires to be known to find its way into the hands 

 of all botanists. 



Classification der Sdugethiere und Vogel. Von J. J. Kaup. Pp. 144. 

 8vo. Darmstadt, 1844. 



In this work the author endeavours to arrange the Mammalia and 

 Birds, and elaborates them into a quinary system, resembling in 

 structure but differing in detail from the quinary systems which 

 flourished for a time in this country. Like the British quinarians. 

 Dr. Kaup insists on a uniformity and constancy in the analogies be- 

 tween corresponding groups, while he follows Oken in extending 

 these analogies to the anatomical systems of organization which are 

 more or less developed in each animal according as it represents one 

 set of organs or another. Thus he makes his first subkingdom to 

 consist of — 1. M.6]l\i^cdi, ox generation-animals; 2. Yi^h, or muscle-ani- 

 mals; 3. Amphibia, or 6owe-amm«/s; 4. l^ixA^, ox lung -animals ; ^ . Mam- 

 malia, or sense -animals. He then proceeds to ring the changes on 

 these anatomical structures, maintaining that the same set of ana- 

 logies pervade all the minor groups : that th^Rasores are generation- 

 birds ; the Natatores, muscle-birds ; the Grallatores, bone-birds ; the 

 Insessores, lung-birds ; the Scansores, sense-birds, and so on. It is 

 needless to follow the author further in these far-fetched and vision- 

 ary analogies, which are so much more congenial to the German than 

 to the British mind, and which are still better adapted to the astro- 

 logers and alchymists of the middle ages, who compiled learned 

 volumes on the mutual analogies and influences between the seven 

 metals, the seven planets, the seven ages of man's life, &c. &c. 



The appendix of Dr. Kaup's work is in our opinion the most valu- 

 able part of it. Laying aside his mysticism, he gives us some prac- 

 tical and useful remarks on several subjects connected with zoology. 

 In one of these essays he criticises the natural-history artists of dif- 

 ferent countries, pointing out the defects and mannerisms so promi- 

 nent in the French school, and the merits of Naumann among Ger- 

 man, and of Landseer, Bewick and Gould among British artists. 

 We do not however quite agree with Dr. Kaup in his preference of 

 etching (Radirung) over lithography for zoological subjects. 



Our author next gives directions for preparing plaster-casts of the 

 heads of Mammalia, and especially of the Quadrumana. As these 

 animals lose so much of their essential characters by the ordinary 

 mode of preparation, a set of casts taken from them in a recent state 

 would be a valuable addition to our museums. He also recommends 

 naturalists when collecting in foreign countries to use various kinds 

 of traps and nets, as being far more efficacious than the gun, for pro- 



