Dr. Kneeland on the Skeleton of the Great Chimpanzee. 27 



line, extending from the sciatic notch to near the rudimentary 

 anterior inferior spinous process, about 2| inches above the ace- 

 tabulum, the probable origin of the gluta3us minimus ; the ante- 

 rior superior spinous processes are fully 6 inches in advance of 

 the plane of the sacrum. The sacrum extends only to the spine 

 of the ischium, about 4 inches from the tuberosities of this bone, 

 so that the pelvis has somewhat of the lengthened narrow form 

 peculiar to the Quadrumana, though it projects far more from 

 the line of the spine than in any other members of the group. 

 The superior aperture has not the narrow elongated shape of the 

 Orang's, the antero-posterior diameter being only half an inch 

 greater than the transverse, these being respectively 6^ and 

 6 inches ; in the female, according to Dr. Wyman's measure- 

 ments, the difference is 3 inches. The tuberosities of the ischia 

 are very thick and broad, and the rami of the pubes very wide ; 

 the whole lower portion indicates great strength and solidity. 

 It is the portion of the pelvis between the acetabulum and the 

 lower edge of the sacro-iliac articulation which is so much shorter 

 than in the Chimpanzee, and which gives to the pelvis its more 

 human aspect. The length of the sacrum is Q^ inches, the 

 width 4j breadth of pelvis between spinous processes of ilia 

 16| inches; breadth of ilium 9; length of os innominatum 14|^ 

 inches ; from outside of one tuber ischii to the other 7*15 inches. 

 At first sight the scapula has much the appearance of the 

 human, having very much its shape, but somewhat enlarged ; it 

 more nearly resembles that of the Orang than that of the Chim- 

 panzee, but is more like that of Man than either in its more 

 equilateral form. The spine is nearly in the middle of the bone, 

 making the supraspinous nearly equal to the infraspinous fossa ; 

 after about one-third of its length it ceases to have the broad 

 thick edge of the human spine, reaching nearly to the posterior 

 border, but is continued by a sharp well-marked ridge quite to 

 the edge, as in the Orang ; the spine is also more perpendicular 

 to the plane of the dorsum than in Man, and its direction more 

 that of the axis of the trunk. The acromial process is longer 

 and less curved than in Man, and wants the strong angle on its 

 posterior surface, a little in advance of the plane of the glenoid 

 cavity ; its arch over this cavity belongs also to a much larger 

 circle. The coracoid process has a greater inclination down- 

 wards than in Man and the Chimpanzee ; this direction, in 

 the Orang, Vrolik considers a sign of inferiority. The glenoid 

 cavity is much the same as in Man, the upper half being less 

 narrow in proportion. The subscapular fossa is very deep, and 

 divided by prominent ridges into five or six smaller depressions. 

 There is no deep suprascapular notch as in the human scapula ; 

 but there is a decided concavity at the base of the coracoid pro- 



