39G Miscellaneous. 



p7'imigenins1)y viz. the whole of the right ramus of the lower jaw to 

 beyond the symphysis, and a tusk. The tusk was much curved, as 

 will appear from the following dimensions : — length along the greatest 

 curve, 6 ft. 8 in. ; from the base straight to the point, 4 ft. 2| in. ; two 

 feet from the base, to which length I suppose was imbedded in bone, 

 straight to the point, 3 ft. 3f in. The dimensions of the jaw are — from 

 the angle to the symphysis 19 in., from the condyloid process to the 

 symphysis 2 ft. 2 in., from the angle to the top of the condyloid 

 process 18 in., from base of angle to top of the coracoid process 12 in. 

 The jaw contained only one molar ; this tooth was very perfect ; the 

 width of the upper surface 3^ in., the length 13, of which 4f had 

 been used. 



^^■The remains were found 40 feet below the surface and 60 above 

 the level of the lake, in a layer of sand, superimposed on which were 

 successive layers of cemented gravel and sand, the layers of gravel 

 varying both in width and in the size of the pebbles : this narrow spit 

 of land seems to have been a bar formed at the mouth of a large 

 estuary which must have flowed into Lake Ontario. To the east of 

 this bar is Burlington Bay, the head of Lake Ontario, from which it is 

 separated by a similar bar through which a canal is cut into the lake, 

 and which bank I am informed is still rising. To the west are the 

 Dundas marshes, which find their exit into Burlington Bay round the 

 point of Burlington Heights, and through which the Desjardin Canal is 

 ^rried. Behind Dundas, running east and west, is a long, deep and 

 Wide valley bounded on the north and south by ridges of Niagara 

 limestone, and down which valley doubtless once flowed a large body 

 of water. 



In sinking a coffer-dam near this spot for the foundation of a 

 bridge where the railroad will cross the Desjardin Canal, were found, 

 deep in the silt, the scapular and some fragments of the bones of the 

 extremities of an herbivorous animal about the size of a fallow-deer. 



Your obedient servant, 

 ^I&jjoifuiq 3 J. , Thomas Cottle. 



Remarks on the Mode of Vegetation of European and North Americaii 

 Trees transported to Madeira. By Prof. Oswald Heer. 



■^^M. Heer, of Zurich, so well known by his observations on the 

 botanical geography of the Swiss mountains, having been compelled 

 by the state of his health to make some stay at Madeira, has em- 

 ployed his time whilst there in studying, in various points of view, the 

 vegetation of that island, the climate of which is remarkably equable 

 throughout the year. 



Since his return he has laid before the Societd Helvetique des 

 Sciences Naturelles, several interesting observations relative to the 

 periodical phsenomena of vegetation. After remarking that all the 

 woody plants of Madeira are evergreen trees or shrubs, blossoming 

 very often during the cool season, he observes how much the species 

 introduced from more northern countiies contrast with these indi- 

 genous species in their mode of veg(»tation. 

 o .The oak aiM the > beech, for instance, continue to lose their leaves 



