Zl^t < 



Miscellaneous. 497 



CardiUi and Litnaponiice, and also Gammarus locusta, which is met 

 with wherever Algae occur. 



Beyond this zone there is a sand covered with a fine clay. In this 

 region few animals are met with, and these are either Mollusca (Mt/a, 

 Tellina) or Amphipod Crustacea. 



The Sk'drgard of Stockholm possesses a singular fauna. Under 

 the stones which are close to the shore we meet with Gammari {G. 

 locusta), species of Jccra, Planaria, and Nats, and with young Ace- 

 phalous Mollusca belonging to the genera Cardiu?n and Tellina. At 

 a depth of 2-5 fathoms, Fucus vesiculosus grows ; upon this vegetate 

 Elachistce and various Confervse. This region swarms with Mysis, 

 Jcera, Gammarus, Pahidinella, Mijtilus, with young Cardia and with 

 Flustrce ; even PhryganidcB are found there. From a depth of 

 5 or 6 fathoms to that of 1 8 the bottom is clayey and muddy ; here 

 and there only Phyllopho7'cB grow, together with Ceratnia and Poly- 

 siphonice in a stunted condition. The fauna of this zone is richer 

 than would be supposed at the first glance. At a depth of 8 fathoms 

 occurs Asellus vulgaris, a freshwater species, in the midst of the 

 Phyllophorce. At a depth of 3-6 fathoms, Limnceus pereger (var. 

 Balticus) and Physa fontinalis ! are met with. Near Gothland, 

 Lindstrom has even found Limncei in the open sea at a depth of 8 

 and 12 fathoms! How can we explain the existence of air-breathing 

 animals so far from the surface ? Do they possess a means of rising 

 and sinking rapidly in the water at pleasure, or must we admit that 

 they only require to renew the air in their pulmonary sac at long in- 

 tervals ? By the side of these LimncBi there were living completely 

 marine animals, such as Nereides, Polynoes, a species of Sipunculus, 

 Tellince and Cardia. At a depth of 40 fathoms, nothing is found 

 but a Pontoporeia, an Idothea, and a Tellina. 



In the open sea a multitude of small animals are found moving 

 about on the surface ; these are principally Crustacea, such as 

 Evadne, and also larvse of Gasteropoda (Tergipes) and Acephala. 

 A Diatomaceous plant floats in the midst of these little creatures : 

 it is sometimes so incredibly abundant as to produce what is called 

 on the coasts of Gothland, the flowering of the sea {hafvets blomning). 

 In the middle of summer it propagates with such rapidity, that the 

 fishermen assert that their boats can hardly pass through the dense 

 layer formed by it. 



In a narrow* Sund near Stockholm, called Galo-strat, the soil is 

 covered with Myriophyllum and Potamogeton. In the water sport 

 Cyprini and other freshwater fishes, as well as Entomostraca also 

 belonging to the fresh waters {Baphnia, &c.). At the bottom Palu- 

 dina impura is seen creeping, and yet close beside are Tergipes and 

 other marine forms. — Ofversigt af Kongl. vetensk. Akad. Forhandl. 

 Stockholm, 1855, p. 49 ; and Bibliotheque Univ. de Geneve, January 



1857, p. 71. 



2%e Blacks ofMoreton Bay and the Porpoises. By Mr. Fairholme. 



Between the two long islands which form the south part of More- 

 ton Bay, is a passage known as the South Passage, formerlv used 

 Ann. ^ Mag. N, Hist. Scr. 2. Fo/.xix. 32 



