Mr. Clarke on the Structure of Cephalotus. 371 



showing a difference between its second foliaceous appendages as 

 compared with those that follow, in analogy possibly with that of 

 Nelumbium. ■"'•'- 



Read further, "Notes on Cephalotece and Belvisiacea^." By Benjamin 

 Clarke, Esq.. F.L.S., &c. 



In these two notes Mr. Clarke gives a general account of the 

 structure of the remarkable plants on which the families are founded. 

 The ovule of Cephalotus he describes as erect, anatropal, with a 

 dorsal raphe, and a large and somewhat two-lipped foramen at the 

 base, on the inner side of the funiculus. The torus in the ripe 

 fruit is described as broad and conical, almost filling the calyx : 

 during the stage of flowering it is almost flat, the carpels appearing 

 to be attached to the flat base of the calyx. As the fruit advances 

 in growth the conical torus forms between the carpels, to the sides 

 of which they are attached ; and after the carpels are fallen off, it 

 forms a rim immediately above the part to which they were attached, 

 not unlike the expanded style of Sarracenia in miniature, the rim, 

 however, being comparatively much more contracted. The rim has 

 six angles, which alternate with the attachments of the six carpelsj 

 and from the place of attachment of the carpels, or immediately above 

 them, are formed six small filamentous processes. Mr. Clark considers 

 this small peltate process as analogous with the expanded termination 

 of the style in Sarraceniacetje, and consequently regards the nearest 

 affinity of Cephalotece as being with that order. In other respects he 

 considers it as very nearly allied to Francoacece and Ranunculacece, 

 and thinks it shows some analogy with Aristolochiacea in the glands 

 of its calyx. It approaches Rosacea in its perigynous stamens, and 

 in the position of its raphe, if the ovule pendulous with raphe next 

 the placenta be regarded as an equivalent character. 



In his note on Belvisiacece, Mr. Clarke describes the ovary of 

 Napoleona as five-celled ; the ovules as two — four in each cell, when 

 two suspended, when four in pairs one above the other, and (in an 

 early stage at least) nearly horizontal; when suspended amphitropal, 

 with the raphe dorsal and the foramen turned up nearly to the basis 

 of the ovule, so as to be distinctly under the funiculus ; the style 

 thickened, more or less hollow below, and terminated above by a 

 broad peltate plate, forming the stigma; the stigmatic surface con- 

 fined to five small elevations in the five angles of this plate, within 

 which are five cavities opening upwards ; and the stigmatic surfaces 

 apparently opposite to the cells of the ovary. He states the prin- 

 cipal points of structure which may be regarded as indicative of 

 affinity to be, first, the acicular woody fibre, in which Napoleona 

 agrees with Clusiacece and Rhizophorea, particularly the former ; 

 secondly, the table-shaped stigma, which he states to be almost 

 peculiar to Clusiacece and their allies, and this character, he thinks 

 (as well as the monadelphous extrorse stamina), separates Belvisiacece 

 from Myrtacea ; thirdly, the dorsal raphe (or at least the resupinate 

 position of the ovules), in which they agree wdth Ternstrcemiacece and 

 BarringtoniacecB, where the ovules are few and suspended, but differ 



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