142 The Jussieuearii or Natural, System of Plants. 



predecessors ; this botanist considered the stipulary membrane 

 of Poiteau a simple cotyledon, and the cotyledons of that 

 writer the hypoblastus {hypo, under, hlastos, bud), or body of 

 the radicula ; he also refused to admit any evidence derived 

 from the anatomical structure of the stem. In this conflict of 

 opinions, we have determined to station iVymphaeaceae among 

 Exogenes, for the following reasons: 1st, because the struc- 

 ture of their stem is that of Exogenes rather than of Endogenes ; 

 2dly, because the two opposite bodies, enclosed within the little 

 bag or stipulary membrane described by Poiteau, appear to be 

 undoubtedly cotyledons, which is confirmed by the presence of a 

 plumula between them in Nelumbium ; Sdly, because of the 

 structure of their flower, which has a great aflinity with that of 

 Padhnia, Magnolm, and Papaver ; 4thly, on account of the simi- 

 larity between their fruit and stigma and that of Papaver ; 5thly, 

 because of their milky juice and convolute leaves, two charac- 

 ters which are not known to exist among Endogenes." Those 

 who are interested in pursuing this curious discussion any far- 

 ther, will find many remarks and illustrative figures in the 

 English edition of the Analyse du Fruit, published by Mr. 

 Lindley in 1819. 



J\^ymphae'a Neck. Euryale Sal. 



JVuphar Snu Neliimbium J. 



Sections. Carpella solitaiy or connate ; Placentae parietal. 

 Order X. PAPAVERA^CEiE. 

 These plants are better known for their medicinal properties 

 than for their beauty. Some of them are the common pests 

 of corn-fields, and with grain have been disseminated over all 

 the world. Sanguinaria is a neat little American plant, well 

 known for its crimson juice, and the emetic purgative powers 

 of its roots. Saracenm is a genus of very doubtful affinity ; 

 consisting of curious little American marsh plants of difficult 

 culture, and remarkable for the singular pitcher-like form of 

 its leaves. The peculiar power of the poppy is, as is well 

 known, narcotic; a property which pervades all the order, 

 although in a less intense degree in all but the officinal Papa- 

 ver somniferum, from which exclusively the drug opium is 

 obtained. The Mexicans use the expressed oil of the seeds 

 of Argemone mexicana for polishing furniture, and in Holland 

 an oil used as a substitute for that of olives, is expressed from 

 the seeds of P. Rhoe^as. 



Papaver Tou. Glaucum Tou. Bocconia L. 



Sanguinaria L. Meconopsis Vig, Saracenia L. 



Chelidonium Bank. Argemone Tou, 



. Rom^ria Med. i/ypecoum L. 



