24 Ulcrria IH f .^- ')}i of tJic Coyotes. 



Cranial and dental '' eas ^ erii - ^u 1 * and teeth, particularly the hi , 

 largest of the groir 5^ latter than in the other forms ; premola* 



very much swollei '" ,'~ 'u-ily the lower ones; carnassial teeth very U 

 thick and tumid. ' f^Ty Coyotes whose skulls approach C. latran* in' 

 size are pallidus, t< i.stror, and ochropus. The two latter may be dis 



missed at once or ; ..unt of the great disparity in the teeth, the carnas- 

 sials and premol; j being hardly more than two-thirds as large as those 

 of latrans. C. frustror differs further in having the frontals more elevated 

 than in any other member of the group, while in C. latram they are the 

 flattest and most depressed. Large male skulls of C. ochropus sometimes 

 have the rostrum (measured from back of last molar to front of incisors) 

 of the same length as small males of latrans, but the rostrum is always 

 very much narrower and the postpalatal part of the skull smaller. The 

 difference between latrans and ochropus in size of teeth is very great, the 

 upper carnassial and first molar together measuring 35 millimeters in an 

 adult male latram, contrasted with 30 in an adult male ochropus having 

 the entire tooth row of exactly the same length. In C. latrans the pre- 

 molars are so large that the tooth row is crowded, while in ochropus they 

 are widely spaced. The teeth of the female latrans are decidedly larger 

 than those of the male ochropus. 



The species having teeth sufficiently large to require comparison with 

 latrans are pallidus and lestes. In both of these the lateral teeth of the 

 male equal or exceed those of the female latrans. Comparing skulls of 

 the same sex, the upper carnassial and first molar and the premolars in 

 both jaws, particularly the lower, are larger, more swollen, and more 

 crowded in latrans. In latrans also the inner cusp (protocone) of the upper 

 carnassial averages decidedly larger than in either of the others. 



Measurements. Female young adult from Elk River, Minnesota: total 

 length, 1219; tail vertebrae, 394; hind foot (in dry skin), 179. 



Cranial measurements. $ adult from Elk River, Minnesota: basal 

 length, 190 ; basilar length of Hensel, 186 ; zygomatic breadth, 109 ; pala 

 tal length, 96 ; rnastoid breadth, 65 ; length of crown of upper carnassial 

 tooth, 22. The skull of an adult female from Elk River measures : basal 

 length, 175; basilar length of Hensel, 172; zygomatic breadth, 100 ; pala 

 tal length, 96; mastoid breadth, 62; length of crown of upper carnassial 

 tooth, 20.5. 



Canis pallidus sp. nov. 



Type locality. Johnstown, Brown County, Nebraska. Type No. 77093, 

 (J young adult, U. S. National Museum, Department of Agriculture col 

 lection. Collected March 12, 1896, by E. E. Fast. 



Characters. Similar to C. latrans, but everywhere paler; backs of ears 

 buff instead of fulvous ; skull and teeth smaller. 



Color. Muzzle dull ochraceous buff; top of head grizzled grayish faintly 

 tinged with buff; ears buff; upper parts pale buffy whitish or soiled white 



*The skulls of C. latrans used in the present comparison are from Elk 

 River, Minnesota. 



