Mr. E. L. Layard on new species of Paludomus. 135 



One characteristic habit, separating the whole of these species, as 

 far as I can ascertain, from Melania, is that they are constantly found 

 adhering to stones, or the submerged roots of trees and stems of 

 aquatic plants, which the Melanice never are ; neither do they burrow 

 in sand, as do the Melanice, though they often resort to a sandy 

 locality, perhaps for the purpose of breeding. The habit in Ph. suU 

 catus of crawling several feet out of the water on the damp grass is 

 remarkable. 



A few remarks on the various species in detail may prove not un- 

 acceptable. 



Paludomus chilinoides. Reeve. 



This is the commonest species of the whole tribe. It is found in 

 gently-running water generally, but often in paddy fields and other 

 marshy grounds to which these running waters have access. 



The animal is blackish-mottled, forehead produced into an obtuse 

 point, slightly indented in the centre and fringed with red dots ; 

 tentacula two, acuminate ; eyes two, sessile, situated about one-fifth 

 of the distance up the tentacles. 



I have taken the operculum of this species as the type of the 

 family ; it therefore needs no description. 



Paludomus l^vis, Layard. 



Shell oblong-ovate ; axis 1 1 lines, diara. 7 lines ; spire acute, ex^ 

 serted, moderately long ; whorls rounded, not depressed round the 

 upper part, smooth. Colour olive-yellow, the lower whorls seldom 

 marked, but the upper always spotted with one or two rows of arrow- 

 headed dots ; apex bluish ; aperture white. 



Operculum as in Pal. chilinoides. 



Hah. Ceylon, in slow-running streams on the northern side of the 

 mountain zone extending into the flat country beyond Anarajahpoora. 

 I also obtained a few in a paddy field in the south of the island, near 

 the village of Heneratgodde. Mus. Cuming et Layard. 



I think this may prove to be but a variety of Pal. chilinoides^ 

 although the experienced eye of Mr. Cuming at once separated it 

 from that species. It is found in the same localities, and only differs 

 from it in wanting the depression round the upper part of the whorls 

 and in the colouring ; the mollusk is similar. 



Paludomus palustris, Layard. 



Shell ovate, thin ; axis 10 lines, diam. 6 lines ; spire exserted, 

 long ; whorls rounded, rather flat, spirally closely grooved with mi- 

 nute granular striae (visible under the lens) . Colour of adult shell * 

 a rich yellow spotted with dark brown, the markings frequently run- 

 ning into wavy lines ; apex bluish ; aperture white. 



* In young shells the ground colour is almost hidden by the dark markings, 

 and the aperture is found to be spirally marked with thin lines of the same 

 colour. 



