Prof. Owen on the Anatomy of the Great Anteater, 373 



entry to the gizzard : at this part the folds were ten in number. In 

 the distended' stomach of the female Anteater the transverse diameter 

 of the aperture was 1 inch 3 lines ; its vertical diameter from 3 to 4 

 lines ; the distance from it to the cardia, 3 inches. 



In the smaller male Anteater, subsequently dissected, the gizzard 

 was 2 in. 3 lines in length and 2 in. 9 lines in depth. 



Vertically and longitudinally bisected, the cavity of the gizzard 

 appeared as a gently bent canal about a line in diameter, suddenly 

 expanding near the pylorus to receive a valvular prominence from 

 the upper muscular wall, which projected towards that opening. The 

 vertical thickness of the muscular wall above the canal was 1 inch 

 10 lines, below the canal 1 inch. 



In the female Anteater Prof. Owen divided the gizzard, previously 

 injected and distended with alcohol. When the gizzard was divided verti- 

 cally and transversely the cavity presented a crescentic figure, with the 

 horns directed upwards, on each side a large fleshy protuberance which 

 descended into the cavity. On the lower part of the protuberance 

 are three or four thick angular longitudinal ridges, which fit into the 

 interspaces of similar ridges along the lower part of the cavity. The 

 epithelium of the protuberance is thicker than that of the rest of the 

 cavity, concealing in a greater degree, but not wholly, the vascula- 

 rity of the subjacent injected membrane : the cellulo-vascular layer 

 uniting the mucous with the muscular coats is most abundant at the 

 walls of the gizzard opposite the protuberance. The thickness of the 

 muscular wall, from the upper part of the gizzard to the bottom of 

 the protuberance, is 2 inches, that of the lower wall of the gizzard 



6 lines : the difference of thickness here, as compared with the same 

 part in the smaller Anteater's stomach, is due to the more contracted 

 state of the gizzard in the latter animal. 



On exposing the pylorus from the duodenal side, it presents the 

 form of a crescentic aperture 1 inch in diameter, but reduced to a 

 transverse figure by the pressure of the upper protuberance against 

 its inferior thickened ridge : the mucous membrane of both parts is 

 produced into longitudinal wavy rugse. A second pylorus might be 

 described where these rugee abruptly terminate and where the smooth 

 surface of the duodenum begins : this aperture presents a full oval 

 form, 1 inch 2 lines by 9 lines, when that intestine is distended. 



The length of the animal, from the muzzle to the vent, was 4 feet 



7 inches ; the length of the head, 14 inches ; of the tail, 33 inches. 

 The length of the intestinal canal was 34 feet, the small intestines 

 measuring 30 feet. The ileum, with a circumference of 1 inch 9 lines, 

 rapidly expands at its termination to form the colon, without any 

 csecal beginning of the latter gut. This presents a circumference of 

 9J inches near its commencement, and gradually decreases to a cir- 

 cumference of 6 inches at the rectum. The inner surface of the first 

 half of the small intestines is smooth and even ; the last half, or 

 ileum, is characterized by a single continuous longitudinal fold of the 

 mucous membrane from 2 to 3 lines in breadth, extending along the 

 side of the gut opposite the attachment of the mesentery. The modi- 

 fications of the colon and rectum were described. 



