Mr. A. Newton on the Anas (Anser) erythropus. 453 



cauda cinerea ; pectus et abdomen Candida : maculae in sterno ni- 

 grescentes : Pedes sanguinei." 



It is therefore plain that by Anas erythropus Linnseus did not 

 intend to designate the Bernicle Goose, but a bird known in his 

 time to the Swedes of Westro-Bothnia by the name of Fjaell-gas — 

 i. e. " Fell " or " Mountain Goose." It accordingly remains to be 

 seen what that species is. 



It appears by the note-books of the late Mr. John Wolley, which 

 are now in my possession, that in all his researches he was able to find 

 only two species of. Wild Goose inhabiting the extensive district in 

 Lapland which he so carefully explored, and of which part was com- 

 prehended in the ancient province of Westro-Bothnia. These species 

 are known to the Finns, who form the great bulk of the population, 

 respectively as the " Iso-hanhi " and " Killio-hanhi," the former 

 signifying "Great Goose," the latter "Mountain Goose." The Iso- 

 hanhi he had several opportunities of identifying as the well-known 

 Bean Goose (Anser segetum) ; the other he found, somewhat to his 

 surprise, to be, not, as he had been told by Swedish ornithologists, 

 the Bernicle Goose, but a bird of about that size, and at the same 

 time closely resembling, in plumage and other physical characters, the 

 White-fronted Goose (Anser albifrons). Not to extend the present 

 remarks, I may state briefly that he was not able to discover that 

 the Bernicle Goose was known to any of the inhabitants of the 

 interior of the country, — a statement which is singularly corroborated 

 by Mr. Dann's note communicated to Mr. Yarrell (B. B. iii. p. 73) 

 in reference to the last-named species : — "A skin of this Goose was 

 shown me by some Laps near Gillivara, who were ignorant of the 

 bird, never having seen it before. It was shot at Killingsuvanda." 

 Accordingly, in the Catalogue of his Eggs sold by Mr. Stevens in 

 1856, he stated, under the head of "Anas albifrons" that "this 

 interesting bird is the proper Fjell-gas of the Swedes, which name 

 has, however, been applied to the Bernicle in their works on Natural 

 History. The Lapland specimens seem to be of the small-sized race, 

 which has been named Anser minutus by Naumann." I must here 

 take exception to part of Mr. Wolley' s statement, some Swedish 

 writers being quite aware that the " Fjaell-Gas " was not Anser leu- 

 copsis, as, for instance, Professor Zetterstedt, in the account of his 

 travels in Lapland * (vol. ii. p. 161). 



In the Catalogue of his Eggs sold in the following year (1857), 

 Mr. Wolley further identified " the only White-fronted Geese which 

 breed in Lapland," with the Anser finmarchicus of Bishop Gunner, 

 described in one of the notes (pp. 264-5) of Professor Leem's great 

 workf, " as distinct from the larger White-fronted Goose." 



I can only say that I entirely coincide with the views thus ex- 

 pressed by Mr. Wolley, while I also identify the " Killio-hanhi^" or 



* ' Resa genom Sweriges och Norriges Lappmarker, af Joh. Wilh. Zetterstedt.' 

 Two vols. 8vo. Lund, 1822. 



f ' Canuti Leeinii de Lapponibus Finmarchiae Commentatio, una cum J. E. 

 Gunneri notis, &c. &c.' Kjobenhavn, 1767. 



X In Europseus's " Svenskt-Finskt Handlexikon " (Helsingfors, 1853), the word 

 is spelled " Kallio " (vide page 42, sub voce ! Berg.'). 



