28 Mr. W. S. Macleay on the Comparative Anatomy 



the Rasores and Grallatores. The relations of analogy pointed 

 out by Linnaeus between Mammalia and Birds are, as Hermann 

 has observed, not always correct; and his errors have arisen 

 from the misfortune of his not detecting the natural group of 

 Aristotle and Ray, which the latter has called Ungulata. Having 

 only been able to seize Aristotle's subdivisions of rot, fjnv ovx, 

 afju(pohvTtt,, he lost the parallelism of analogy, and fell, as I shall 

 hereafter show, into very glaring mistakes. In the Systema 

 Natures, however, he has mentioned that very striking analogy 

 which appears between his groups of Grallee and Brut a ; that is, 

 according to the parallelism of analogy, between the orders of 

 Grallatores and Ungulata, since the Bruta, as we have seen, do 

 not form an order, but only a natural subdivision of the Ungu- 

 lata. That this analogy is demonstrably true, I deduce from the 

 following facts. Of their respective classes, the orders of Ungu- 

 lata and Grallatores contain examples of the longest legs in pro-r 

 portion to the body, — witness Camelopardalis and Hamantopus. 

 Both orders present us, in groups not exactly aquatic, with in- 

 stances of the toes being soldered together, as the Horse; or 

 connected together by a Web, as the Flamingo. Both orders 

 present us with the greatest elongation of muzzle or facies, — 

 witness Myrmecophaga, or Antilope* and Scolopax; and also 

 with the most depressed form of muzzle, — witness Hippopotamus 

 and Platalea, which genera also afford us the truest specimens 

 of Wading Vertehrata. In both orders we have the most elon- 

 gated claws, — witness Megalonyx and Parra. Both orders afford 

 us the swiftest animals in running, — as the Horse and Tachydro- 

 mus ; and the most pugnacious on account of love, — as the Bull 

 and Machetes. The Bull moreover and the Butor (or Bos- 

 taurus, for hence comes the bird's name), afford us the loudest 

 and hoarsest voice of their respective orders : where we have 



* Particularly A. bubalus L. 



also 



